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Permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (PNDM) is a newly identified and potentially treatable form of monogenic diabetes.This type of neonatal diabetes is caused by activating mutations of the KCNJ11 gene, which codes for the Kir6.2 subunit of the beta cell K ATP channel.
Neonatal diabetes is classified into three subtypes: permanent, transient, and syndromic; each with distinct genetic causes and symptoms. [5] Syndromic neonatal diabetes is the term for diabetes as just one component of any of several complex syndromes that affect neonates, including IPEX syndrome, Wolcott-Rallison syndrome, and Wolfram ...
Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a form of diabetes mellitus that is characterized by high blood sugar, insulin resistance, and relative lack of insulin. [6] Common symptoms include increased thirst , frequent urination , fatigue and unexplained weight loss . [ 3 ]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to diabetes mellitus (diabetes insipidus not included below): Diabetes mellitus – group of metabolic diseases in which a person has high blood sugar , either because the pancreas does not produce enough insulin , or because cells do not respond properly to the insulin that ...
Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) refers to any of several hereditary forms of diabetes mellitus caused by mutations in an autosomal dominant gene disrupting insulin production. [1] Along with neonatal diabetes , MODY is a form of the conditions known as monogenic diabetes.
Pre-gestational diabetes can be classified as Type 1 or Type 2 depending on the physiological mechanism. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is an autoimmune disorder leading to destruction of insulin-producing cell in the pancreas; type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with obesity and results from a combination of insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production.
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MODY 2 or GCK-MODY is a form of maturity-onset diabetes of the young. [1] It is due to any of several mutations in the GCK gene on human chromosome 7 for glucokinase. [2] Glucokinase serves as the glucose sensor for the pancreatic beta cell. Normal glucokinase triggers insulin secretion as the glucose exceeds about 90 mg/dl (5 mM).