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RTL (C) Callee Return pointer in SI. IA-32: cdecl: Unix-like : RTL (C) Caller When returning struct/class, the calling code allocates space and passes a pointer to this space via a hidden parameter on the stack. The called function writes the return value to this address. Stack aligned on 16-byte boundary due to a bug. cdecl: Microsoft: RTL (C ...
Since the call stack is organized as a stack, the caller pushes the return address onto the stack, and the called subroutine, when it finishes, pulls or pops the return address off the call stack and transfers control to that address. If a called subroutine calls on yet another subroutine, it will push another return address onto the call stack ...
At a minimum, a thread's stack is used to store the location of a return address provided by the caller in order to allow return statements to return to the correct location. The stack is often used to store variables of fixed length local to the currently active functions. Programmers may further choose to explicitly use the stack to store ...
This makes naive implementations slower than calling conventions that keep more values in registers. However, threaded code implementations that cache several of the top stack values in registers—in particular, the return address—are usually faster than subroutine calling conventions that always push and pop the return address to the stack.
In computer programming, a return statement causes execution to leave the current subroutine and resume at the point in the code immediately after the instruction which called the subroutine, known as its return address. The return address is saved by the calling routine, today usually on the process's call stack or in a register. Return ...
The stack segment register (SS) is usually used to store information about the memory segment that stores the call stack of currently executed program. SP points to current stack top. By default, the stack grows downward in memory, so newer values are placed at lower memory addresses. To save a value to the stack, the PUSH instruction
This call-return stack may be entirely managed by the hardware via specialized address registers and special address modes in the instructions. Or it may be merely a set of conventions followed by the compilers, using generic registers and register+offset address modes.
One disadvantage of the call stack mechanism is the increased cost of a procedure call and its matching return. [ clarification needed ] The extra cost includes incrementing and decrementing the stack pointer (and, in some architectures, checking for stack overflow ), and accessing the local variables and parameters by frame-relative addresses ...