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In women, chemical castration acts by decreasing testosterone levels in order to lower their sex drive, side effects include the deflation of breast glands, expansion of the size of the nipple and shrinking of bone mass. In some jurisdictions, chemical castration has been used to reduce the libido of sexual offenders. [4]
Castration in the genital modification and mutilation context is the removal of the testicles. Occasionally the term is also used to refer to penis removal, but that is less common. Castration has been performed in many cultures throughout history, but is now rare. It should not be confused with chemical castration.
Between 1971 and 1989, victims were submitted to chemical castration and electric aversion treatment meant to cure them of their homosexuality. [4] This trend was supported by psychiatrists who believed homosexuals were mentally ill, a claim stated in the American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. [5]
Unlike surgical castration, chemical castration does not remove organs. While the Department of Health and Human Services claims this practice is reversible, the long-term sexual side effects are ...
Methods that have been used to this end include forms of brain surgery, surgical or chemical (hormonal) castration, aversion therapy treatments such as electric shocks, nausea-inducing drugs, hypnosis, counseling, spiritual interventions, visualization, psychoanalysis, and arousal reconditioning.
Cases of rape against children between the ages of 10 and 13 will be punished by surgical or chemical castration. The rape of minors aged between 14 and 17 will be punished by chemical castration ...
Antiandrogens such as cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate, or the LHRH agonist leuprolide, are sometimes prescribed to convicted male sex offenders who are released on parole in an effort to stop them reoffending, in a treatment sometimes referred to as chemical castration, however the high doses required often cause a range of ...
Surgical castration is a much more invasive procedure that involves the removal of both testicles or ovaries. It is used in other countries that are known for harsher criminal sanctions, including ...