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The autoimmune regulator (AIRE) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AIRE gene. [5] It is a 13kbp gene on chromosome 21q22.3 that encodes 545 amino acids. [6] AIRE is a transcription factor expressed in the medulla [broken anchor] (inner part) of the thymus.
Tolerance can also be differentiated into "central" and "peripheral" tolerance, on whether or not the above-stated checking mechanisms operate in the central lymphoid organs (thymus and bone marrow) or the peripheral lymphoid organs (lymph node, spleen, etc., where self-reactive B-cells may be destroyed).
Tolerance to infection, or disease tolerance, is a mechanism that host organisms can use to fight parasites or pathogens that attack the host. Tolerance is not equivalent to resistance. Disease resistance is the host trait that prevents infection or reduces the number of pathogens and parasites within or on a host.
Immune tolerance, also known as immunological tolerance or immunotolerance, refers to the immune system's state of unresponsiveness to substances or tissues that would otherwise trigger an immune response. It arises from prior exposure to a specific antigen [1] [2] and contrasts the immune system's conventional role in eliminating foreign antigens.
In immunology, central tolerance (also known as negative selection) is the process of eliminating any developing T or B lymphocytes that are autoreactive, i.e. reactive to the body itself. [1] Through elimination of autoreactive lymphocytes, tolerance ensures that the immune system does not attack self peptides . [ 2 ]
The disease is characterized by hypogammaglobulinemia, frequent infections and the occurrence of autoimmune diseases. In individuals, the disease may manifest itself differently, with in some cases only a partial reduction in the number of Tregs , in others the ability to bind CTLA-4 ligand has been reduced, resulting in disruption homeostasis ...
Julianne Moore is speaking out after learning that President Donald Trump's administration has banned her children's book about self-acceptance in Pentagon-run schools worldwide. "It is a great ...
Exposure to diseases triggers further development of the immune repertoire, and thus fine-tunes the immune response. Memory B cells and memory T cells ensure the persistence of the immune repertoire after a disease has passed. Genetic diseases (primary immunodeficiency may impede the creation and development of immune repertoire proteins).