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In 2003, 64-bit CPUs were introduced to the mainstream PC market in the form of x86-64 processors and the PowerPC G5. A 64-bit register can hold any of 2 64 (over 18 quintillion or 1.8×10 19) different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 64 bits depends on the integer representation used.
In the x86 assembly language, the TEST instruction performs a bitwise AND on two operands. The flags SF, ZF, PF are modified while the result of the AND is discarded. The OF and CF flags are set to 0, while AF flag is undefined. There are 9 different opcodes for the TEST instruction depending on the type and size of the operands. It can compare ...
x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) [note 1] is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set architecture first announced in 1999. It introduces two new operating modes: 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new four-level paging mechanism.
In computing, Physical Address Extension (PAE), sometimes referred to as Page Address Extension, [1] is a memory management feature for the x86 architecture. PAE was first introduced by Intel in the Pentium Pro, and later by AMD in the Athlon processor. [2]
In April 2003, AMD released the first x86 processor with 64-bit general-purpose registers, the Opteron, capable of addressing much more than 4 GB of virtual memory using the new x86-64 extension (also known as AMD64 or x64). The 64-bit extensions to the x86 architecture were enabled only in the newly introduced long mode, therefore 32-bit and ...
The zero flag is a single bit flag that is a central feature on most conventional CPU architectures (including x86, ARM, PDP-11, 68000, 6502, and numerous others).It is often stored in a dedicated register, typically called status register or flag register, along with other flags.
The MSR to read is specified in ECX. The value of the MSR is then returned as a 64-bit value in EDX:EAX. 0 IBM 386SLC, [34] Intel Pentium, AMD K5, Cyrix 6x86MX,MediaGXm, IDT WinChip C6, Transmeta Crusoe, DM&P Vortex86DX3 WRMSR: 0F 30: Write Model-specific register. The MSR to write is specified in ECX, and the data to write is given in EDX:EAX. [a]
An x86-64 processor acts identically to an IA-32 processor when running in real mode or protected mode, which are supported modes when the processor is not in long mode.. A bit in the CPUID extended attributes field informs programs in real or protected modes if the processor can go to long mode, which allows a program to detect an x86-64 processor.