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All of the Linux filesystem drivers support all three FAT types, namely FAT12, FAT16 and FAT32.Where they differ is in the provision of support for long filenames, beyond the 8.3 filename structure of the original FAT filesystem format, and in the provision of Unix file semantics that do not exist as standard in the FAT filesystem format such as file permissions. [1]
macOS supports listing, [18] getting, [19] setting, [20] and removing [21] extended attributes from files or directories using a Linux-like API. From the command line, these abilities are exposed through the xattr utility. [22] Since macOS 10.5, files originating from the web are marked with com.apple.quarantine via extended file attributes. [23]
Some of the metadata is maintained by the file system, for example last-modification date (and various other dates depending on the file system), location of the beginning of the file, the size of the file and if the file system backup utility has saved the current version of the files. These items cannot usually be altered by a user program.
Partially recovered files where the original file name cannot be reconstructed are typically recovered to a "lost+found" directory that is stored at the root of the file system. A system administrator can also run fsck manually if they believe there is a problem with the file system. The file system is normally checked while unmounted, mounted ...
atime record is not modified when file is read/accessed. Append-only a +a,-a: Writing to file only allowed in append mode. Immutable i +i,-i: Prevents any change to file's contents or metadata: file/directory cannot be written to, deleted, renamed, or hard-linked. No dump d +d,-d: File is skipped by the dump program: Secure deletion s +s,-s
In computing, the BIOS parameter block, often shortened to BPB, is a data structure in the volume boot record (VBR) describing the physical layout of a data storage volume. On partitioned devices, such as hard disks , the BPB describes the volume partition, whereas, on unpartitioned devices, such as floppy disks , it describes the entire medium.
Each resource has an OSType identifier (a four byte value), an ID (a signed 16-bit word), and an optional name.There are standardized resource types for dialog boxes (DITL), images (), sounds (snd ) – and executable binaries (CODE) which, until the advent of the PowerPC processor, were without exception stored in the resource fork.
HFS Plus is still supported by current versions of Mac OS, but starting with Mac OS X, an HFS volume cannot be used for booting, and beginning with Mac OS X 10.6 (Snow Leopard), HFS volumes are read-only and cannot be created or updated. In macOS Sierra (10.12), Apple's release notes state that "The HFS Standard filesystem is no longer supported."