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Reinforcement learning (RL) is an interdisciplinary area of machine learning and optimal control concerned with how an intelligent agent should take actions in a dynamic environment in order to maximize a reward signal. Reinforcement learning is one of the three basic machine learning paradigms, alongside supervised learning and unsupervised ...
In a 2004 paper, a reinforcement learning algorithm was designed to encourage a physical Mindstorms robot to remain on a marked path. Because none of the robot's three allowed actions kept the robot motionless, the researcher expected the trained robot to move forward and follow the turns of the provided path.
Many applications of reinforcement learning do not involve just a single agent, but rather a collection of agents that learn together and co-adapt. These agents may be competitive, as in many games, or cooperative as in many real-world multi-agent systems. Multi-agent reinforcement learning studies the problems introduced in this setting.
Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is a sub-field of reinforcement learning. It focuses on studying the behavior of multiple learning agents that coexist in a shared environment. [ 1 ] Each agent is motivated by its own rewards, and does actions to advance its own interests; in some environments these interests are opposed to the ...
That finding, the researchers said, came from a contrived scenario unlikely to occur in real life. Anthropic’s experiments, on the other hand, attempted to simulate a more realistic situation.
For example, the outcome of a game (i.e., whether one player won or lost) can be easily measured without providing labeled examples of desired strategies. Neuroevolution is commonly used as part of the reinforcement learning paradigm, and it can be contrasted with conventional deep learning techniques that use backpropagation ( gradient descent ...
In machine learning, reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF) is a technique to align an intelligent agent with human preferences. It involves training a reward model to represent preferences, which can then be used to train other models through reinforcement learning .
Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is a reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm for training an intelligent agent's decision function to accomplish difficult tasks. PPO was developed by John Schulman in 2017, [1] and had become the default RL algorithm at the US artificial intelligence company OpenAI. [2]