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As a person breathes, the body consumes oxygen and produces carbon dioxide. Base metabolism requires about 0.25 L/min of oxygen from a breathing rate of about 6 L/min, and a fit person working hard may ventilate at a rate of 95 L/min but will only metabolise about 4 L/min of oxygen [10] The oxygen metabolised is generally about 4% to 5% of the inspired volume at normal atmospheric pressure, or ...
[3] [4] The inert gas and unused oxygen is kept for reuse, and the rebreather adds gas to replace the oxygen that was consumed, and removes the carbon dioxide. [3] Thus, the gas recirculated in the rebreather remains breathable and supports life and the diver needs only to carry a fraction of the gas that would be needed for an open-circuit system.
A sodium chlorate oxygen candle in the base of the unit generates oxygen on start-up as the canister has to reach a high internal temperature before it will start generating oxygen. The circulation of exhaled air containing carbon dioxide through the canister starts the chemical process, usually taking less than five minutes to reach a stable ...
Underwater breathing apparatus can be classified as open circuit, semi-closed circuit, (including gas extenders) or closed circuit (including reclaim systems), based on whether any of the exhaled gas is recycled, and as self-contained or remotely supplied (usually surface-supplied, but also possibly from a lock-out submersible or an underwater habitat), depending on where the source of the ...
Closed circuit rebreather: A closed circuit rebreather adds oxygen to the loop gas to make up for oxygen used by metabolic processes. These processes do not use diluent gas, so none is added unless the volume of the loop is reduced for other reasons, such as intentional dumping, flushing, or an ambient pressure change.
non-rebreather mask A non-rebreather mask (NRB) is a device used to deliver supplemental oxygen to a spontaneously breathing person. An NRB allows the delivery of relatively high concentrations of oxygen while using a constant flow rate, with relatively low waste, by accumulating the oxygen flow during exhalation in a soft bag, to be inhaled at ...
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A system which accumulates free-flow oxygen during resting and exhalation stages, (reservoir cannulas, partial rebreather masks and non-rebreather masks) makes a larger part of the oxygen available for inhalation, and it will be selectively inhaled during the initial part of inhalation, which reaches furthest into the lungs, and may also ...