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  2. Action potential - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action_potential

    The inward flow of sodium ions increases the concentration of positively charged cations in the cell and causes depolarization, where the potential of the cell is higher than the cell's resting potential. The sodium channels close at the peak of the action potential, while potassium continues to leave the cell.

  3. Physical activity level - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_activity_level

    The physical activity level (PAL) is a way to express a person's daily physical activity as a number and is used to estimate their total energy expenditure. [1] In combination with the basal metabolic rate, it can be used to compute the amount of food energy a person needs to consume to maintain a particular lifestyle.

  4. Harris–Benedict equation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harris–Benedict_equation

    The Harris–Benedict equation (also called the Harris-Benedict principle) is a method used to estimate an individual's basal metabolic rate (BMR).. The estimated BMR value may be multiplied by a number that corresponds to the individual's activity level; the resulting number is the approximate daily kilocalorie intake to maintain current body weight.

  5. Functional electrical stimulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_electrical...

    The Parastep's digital design allows a considerable reduction in rate of patient-fatigue by drastically reducing of stimulation pulse-width (100–140 microseconds) and pulse-rate (12–24 per sec.), to result, in walking times of 20–60 minutes and average walking distances of 450 meters per walk, for adequately trained thoracic-level ...

  6. Basal metabolic rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal_metabolic_rate

    Metabolism comprises the processes that the body needs to function. [2] Basal metabolic rate is the amount of energy per unit of time that a person needs to keep the body functioning at rest. Some of those processes are breathing, blood circulation, controlling body temperature, cell growth, brain and nerve function, and contraction of muscles ...

  7. Tetraplegia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraplegia

    Tetraplegia, also known as quadriplegia, is defined as the dysfunction or loss of motor and/or sensory function in the cervical area of the spinal cord. [1] A loss of motor function can present as either weakness or paralysis leading to partial or total loss of function in the arms, legs, trunk, and pelvis.

  8. Exercise physiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exercise_physiology

    This energy expenditure is very large compared to the basal resting metabolic rate of the adult human body. This rate varies somewhat with size, gender and age but is typically between 45 W and 85 W. [ 16 ] [ 17 ] Total energy expenditure ( TEE ) due to muscular expended energy is much higher and depends upon the average level of physical work ...

  9. Sodium in biology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_in_biology

    The sodium–potassium pump, a critical enzyme for regulating sodium and potassium levels in cells. Sodium ions (Na +) are necessary in small amounts for some types of plants, [1] but sodium as a nutrient is more generally needed in larger amounts [1] by animals, due to their use of it for generation of nerve impulses and for maintenance of electrolyte balance and fluid balance.