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Stanley F. "Stan" Lombardo (alias Hae Kwang; [1] born June 19, 1943) is an American Classicist, and former professor of Classics at the University of Kansas. He is best known for his translations of the Iliad , the Odyssey , and the Aeneid (published by the Hackett Publishing Company ).
Translators and scholars have translated the main works attributed to Homer, the Iliad and Odyssey, from the Homeric Greek into English, since the 16th and 17th centuries. Translations are ordered chronologically by date of first publication, with first lines provided to illustrate the style of the translation.
Robert Fagles (Penguin Classics, 1990) and Stanley Lombardo (1997) are bolder than Lattimore in adding more contemporary American-English idioms to convey Homer's conventional and formulaic language. Rodney Merrill's translation (University of Michigan Press, 2007) renders the work in English verse like the dactylic hexameter of the original.
Arthur Hugh Clough – revised Dryden's version in the nineteenth century; John Dryden and others – Lives of Noble Grecians and Romans; Philemon Holland – Plutarch's Moralia (1603)
Recitation of Homer Iliad 23.62-107 (in Greek), by Stanley Lombardo. Oral reading of Virgil's Aeneid, by Robert Sonkowsky, University of Minnesota. Greek hexameter analysis online tool, University of Vilnius. Audio/Visual Tutorials for Vergil's Hexameter, by Dale Grote, UNC Charlotte.
Map of Homeric Greece. In the debate since antiquity over the Catalogue of Ships, the core questions have concerned the extent of historical credibility of the account, whether it was composed by Homer himself, to what extent it reflects a pre-Homeric document or memorized tradition, surviving perhaps in part from Mycenaean times, or whether it is a result of post-Homeric development. [2]
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A characteristic of Homer's style is the use of epithets, as in "rosy-fingered" Dawn or "swift-footed" Achilles.Epithets are used because of the constraints of the dactylic hexameter (i.e., it is convenient to have a stockpile of metrically fitting phrases to add to a name) and because of the oral transmission of the poems; they are mnemonic aids to the singer and the audience alike.