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The history of biology traces the study of the living world from ancient to modern times. Although the concept of biology as a single coherent field arose in the 19th century, the biological sciences emerged from traditions of medicine and natural history reaching back to Ayurveda, ancient Egyptian medicine and the works of Aristotle, Theophrastus and Galen in the ancient Greco-Roman world.
The founder of experimental biology and the first person to challenge the theory of spontaneous generation by demonstrating that maggots come from eggs of flies. [57] Population genetics: Ronald A. Fisher, Sewall Wright, J. B. S. Haldane [58] Protozoology: Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632–1723) [9] First to produce precise, correct descriptions ...
Anton Dohrn (1840–1909), German marine biologist, Darwinist, founder of the world's first zoological research station, in Naples; David Don (1799–1841), British botanist who described major conifers discovered in his time, including the Coast Redwood.
Gregor Johann Mendel OSA (/ ˈ m ɛ n d əl /; Czech: Řehoř Jan Mendel; [2] 20 July 1822 [3] – 6 January 1884) was an Austrian [4] [5] biologist, meteorologist, [6] mathematician, Augustinian friar and abbot of St. Thomas' Abbey in Brno (Brünn), Margraviate of Moravia.
Seminal discoveries in vaccination, food safety, and microbial fermentation. A key proponent of the germ theory of disease. [2] 1850–1934 Fanny Hesse: German Developed agar for use in culturing bacteria. [2] [6] 1851–1931 Martinus Beijerinck: Netherlands Discovered the first virus as well as bacterial nitrogen fixation and sulfate reduction ...
c. 380 BC – Diocles wrote the oldest known anatomy book and was the first to use the term anatomy. c. 350 BC – Aristotle attempted a comprehensive classification of animals. His written works include Historion Animalium , a general biology of animals, De Partibus Animalium , a comparative anatomy and physiology of animals, and De ...
Louis Pasteur ForMemRS (/ ˈ l uː i p æ ˈ s t ɜːr /, French: [lwi pastœʁ] ⓘ; 27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) was a French chemist, pharmacist, and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation, and pasteurization, the last of which was named after him.
Carl Linnaeus [a] (23 May 1707 [note 1] – 10 January 1778), also known after ennoblement in 1761 as Carl von Linné, [3] [b] was a Swedish biologist and physician who formalised binomial nomenclature, the modern system of naming organisms.