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This high ionic conductivity (and a low electronic conductivity) makes it one of the most useful electroceramics. [2] Zirconium dioxide is also used as the solid electrolyte in electrochromic devices. Zirconia is a precursor to the electroceramic lead zirconate titanate (PZT), which is a high-κ dielectric, which is found in myriad components.
Zirconium is a lustrous, greyish-white, soft, ductile, malleable metal that is solid at room temperature, though it is hard and brittle at lesser purities. [12] In powder form, zirconium is highly flammable, but the solid form is much less prone to ignition. Zirconium is highly resistant to corrosion by alkalis, acids, salt water and other ...
This ability to conduct O 2− ions makes yttria-stabilized zirconia well suited for application as solid electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells. For low dopant concentrations, the ionic conductivity of the stabilized zirconias increases with increasing Y 2 O 3 content. It has a maximum around 8–9 mol% almost independent of the temperature ...
Discovered in 1892, the yellowish monoclinic mineral baddeleyite is a natural form of zirconium oxide. [2] The high melting point of zirconia (2750 °C or 4976 °F) hinders controlled growth of single crystals. However, stabilization of cubic zirconium oxide had been realized early on, with the synthetic product stabilized zirconia introduced ...
Zirconia refractories are refractories primarily composed of zirconium oxide (ZrO 2). They are often used for glass furnaces because they have low thermal conductivity, are not easily wetted by molten glass and have low reactivity with molten glass. These refractories are also useful for applications in high temperature construction materials.
Zirconium dioxide can also be doped with calcium oxide to give an oxide conductor that is used in oxygen sensors in automobile controls. Upon doping only a few percent, the diffusion constant of oxide increases by a factor of ~1000. [7] Other conductive ceramics function as ion conductors.
Ceria-zirconia is widely used as a component in current three-way catalytic converters. [6] The ceria-based component of the converter has several functions, including promoting the dispersion of the noble metals in the catalyst, but also storing and releasing oxygen. [7]
Zirconium carbide (Zr C) is an ... ZrC has a thermal conductivity of 20.5 W/m·K and an electrical conductivity ... This is achieved by refluxing a metal oxide with ...