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[3] [4] It is used to treat the symptoms of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. [3] It is used by inhaler or nebulizer. [3] Onset of action is typically within 15 to 30 minutes and lasts for three to five hours. [3] The nasal spray prevents the glands in the nose from producing large amounts of fluid.
Some examples of anticholinergics are tiotropium (Spiriva) and ipratropium bromide. [citation needed] Tiotropium is a long-acting, 24-hour, anticholinergic bronchodilator used in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Only available as an inhalant, ipratropium bromide is used in the treatment of asthma and COPD.
Topical atropine is used as a cycloplegic, to temporarily paralyze the accommodation reflex, and as a mydriatic, to dilate the pupils. [15] Atropine degrades slowly, typically wearing off in 7 to 14 days, so it is generally used as a therapeutic mydriatic, whereas tropicamide (a shorter-acting cholinergic antagonist) or phenylephrine (an α-adrenergic agonist) is preferred as an aid to ...
In the process, metabolites, or byproducts, of the drug are produced, which can linger in our blood, urine (and even in our hair) for long after the initial effects of the drug are felt.
Why some people recover from Lyme disease, while others experience months, years or even decades of chronic symptoms has long puzzled doctors. Why some people recover from Lyme disease, while ...
The U.S. government failed to eliminate the virus on dairy farms when it was confined to a handful of states, by quickly identifying infected cows and taking measures to keep their infections from ...
When combined with inhaled steroids, β adrenoceptor agonists can improve symptoms. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In children this benefit is uncertain and they may be potentially harmful. [ 2 ] They should not be used without an accompanying steroid due to an increased risk of severe symptoms, including exacerbation in both children and adults. [ 3 ]
Formoterol, also known as eformoterol, is a long-acting β 2 agonist (LABA) used as a bronchodilator in the management of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Formoterol has an extended duration of action (up to 12 h) compared to short-acting β 2 agonists such as salbutamol (albuterol), which are effective for 4 h to 6 h.