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Sharkovskii's theorem does not immediately apply to dynamical systems on other topological spaces. It is easy to find a circle map with periodic points of period 3 only: take a rotation by 120 degrees, for example. But some generalizations are possible, typically involving the mapping class group of the space minus a periodic orbit.
A Markov partition in mathematics is a tool used in dynamical systems theory, allowing the methods of symbolic dynamics to be applied to the study of hyperbolic dynamics.By using a Markov partition, the system can be made to resemble a discrete-time Markov process, with the long-term dynamical characteristics of the system represented as a Markov shift.
From a physical point of view, continuous dynamical systems is a generalization of classical mechanics, a generalization where the equations of motion are postulated directly and are not constrained to be Euler–Lagrange equations of a least action principle. When difference equations are employed, the theory is called discrete dynamical systems.
In control engineering, a discrete-event dynamic system (DEDS) is a discrete-state, event-driven system of which the state evolution depends entirely on the occurrence of asynchronous discrete events over time.
A discrete dynamical system, discrete-time dynamical system is a tuple (T, M, Φ), where M is a manifold locally diffeomorphic to a Banach space, and Φ is a function. When T is taken to be the integers, it is a cascade or a map. If T is restricted to the non-negative integers we call the system a semi-cascade. [14]
The concept of fixed points is of primary importance in discrete dynamical systems. Another graphical technique that can be used for one-variable mappings is the spider web projection. After determining an initial value x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} on the horizontal axis, draw a vertical line from the initial value x 0 {\displaystyle x_{0}} to the ...
Conley's decomposition is characterized by a function known as complete Lyapunov function. Unlike traditional Lyapunov functions that are used to assert the stability of an equilibrium point (or a fixed point) and can be defined only on the basin of attraction of the corresponding attractor, complete Lyapunov functions must be defined on the whole phase-portrait.
There are many forms of these maps, [2] many of which are equivalent under a coordinate transformation. For example two of the most common ones are: : +: The second one can be mapped to the first using the fact that . = + (), so : + is the same under the transformation = + ().