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Hematuria can be classified according to visibility, anatomical origin, and timing of blood during urination. [1] [6]In terms of visibility, hematuria can be visible to the naked eye (termed "gross hematuria") and may appear red or brown (sometimes referred to as tea-colored), or it can be microscopic (i.e. not visible but detected with a microscope or laboratory test).
Tobacco smoking is the main contributor to bladder cancer risk; around half of bladder cancer cases are estimated to be caused by smoking. [43] [44] Tobacco smoke contains carcinogenic molecules that enter the blood and are filtered by the kidneys into the urine. There they can cause damage to the DNA of bladder cells, eventually leading to ...
It is especially recommended when blood in the urine has been detected. Urine typically contains epithelial cells shed from the urinary tract, and urine cytology evaluates this urinary sediment for the presence of cancerous cells [ 2 ] [ 3 ] from the lining of the urinary tract, and it is a convenient noninvasive technique for follow-up ...
Urethral cancer is a rare cancer originating from the urethra.The disease has been classified by the TNM staging system and the World Health Organization. [1] [3] [4]Symptoms include blood in the urine, lump at end of penis, or bloody penile discharge.
A disease known as benign prostatic hyperplasia may produce similar symptoms. [28] Other late symptoms may include feeling tired due to low levels of red blood cells. [28] Urinary tract obstruction is a urologic disease consisting of a decrease in the free passage of urine through one or both ureters and/or the urethra. It is a cause of urinary ...
This type of swelling is most often caused by inflammation caused by trauma, infection, and other factors. [citation needed] Tumors may be caused by conditions other than an overgrowth of neoplastic cells, however. Cysts (such as sebaceous cysts) are also referred to as tumors, even though they have no neoplastic cells. This is standard in ...
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Hemoglobinuria is a condition in which the oxygen transport protein hemoglobin is found in abnormally high concentrations in the urine. [1] The condition is caused by excessive intravascular hemolysis, in which large numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) are destroyed, thereby releasing free hemoglobin into the plasma. [2]