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A crystallization process often referred to in chemical engineering is the fractional crystallization. This is not a different process, rather a special application of one (or both) of the above. This is not a different process, rather a special application of one (or both) of the above.
Crystallography is used by materials scientists to characterize different materials. In single crystals, the effects of the crystalline arrangement of atoms is often easy to see macroscopically because the natural shapes of crystals reflect the atomic structure. In addition, physical properties are often controlled by crystalline defects.
The main engineering strategies currently in use are hydrogen-and halogen bonding and coordination bonding. [2] These may be understood with key concepts such as the supramolecular synthon and the secondary building unit. [3] An example of crystal engineering using hydrogen bonding reported by Wuest and coworkers in J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2007 ...
learning the systematics of crystal and glass chemistry. understanding how physical and chemical properties are related to crystal structure and microstructure. studying the engineering significance of these ideas and how they relate to foreign products: past, present, and future. Topics studied are: Chemical bonding, Electronegativity
This includes topics like crystallization, [2] leaching (metallurgy), [3] [4] liquid–liquid extraction, gas-liquid dispersions like water electrolysis, [5] liquid-liquid reactions, comminution, aerosol engineering, biology (where the separate entities are cells based on their size or intracellular proteins [6]), polymerization, etc ...
The methods used to determine the degree of crystallinity can be incorporated over time to measure the kinetics of crystallization. The most basic model for polymer crystallization kinetics comes from Hoffman nucleation theory. The crystallization process of polymers does not always obey simple chemical rate equations. Polymers can crystallize ...
Crystals used in X-ray crystallography may be smaller than a millimeter across. Although crystallography can be used to characterize the disorder in an impure or irregular crystal, crystallography generally requires a pure crystal of high regularity to solve the structure of a complicated arrangement of atoms.
Crystal engineering; Crystal growth – a major stage of a crystallization process; Crystallographic database; Fractional coordinates; Frank–Kasper phases; Hermann–Mauguin notation – a notation to represent symmetry in point groups, plane groups and space groups; Laser-heated pedestal growth – a crystal growth technique