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Petrology – Branch of geology that studies the formation, composition, distribution and structure of rocks; Sedimentology – Study of natural sediments and their formation processes; Stratigraphy – Study of rock layers and their formation; Structural geology – Science of the description and interpretation of deformation in the Earth's crust
Solidified lava flow in Hawaii Sedimentary layers in Badlands National Park, South Dakota Metamorphic rock, Nunavut, Canada. Geology (from Ancient Greek γῆ (gê) 'earth' and λoγία () 'study of, discourse') [1] [2] is a branch of natural science concerned with the Earth and other astronomical objects, the rocks of which they are composed, and the processes by which they change over time. [3]
Geology determines the relative ages of rocks found at a given location; geochemistry (a branch of geology) determines their absolute ages. By combining various petrological, crystallographic, and paleontological tools, geologists are able to chronicle the geological history of the Earth as a whole. One aspect is to demonstrate the age of the ...
Also called Indianite. A mineral from the lime-rich end of the plagioclase group of minerals. Anorthites are usually silicates of calcium and aluminium occurring in some basic igneous rocks, typically those produced by the contact metamorphism of impure calcareous sediments. anticline An arched fold in which the layers usually dip away from the fold axis. Contrast syncline. aphanic Having the ...
Geology is broadly the study of Earth's structure, substance, and processes. Geology is largely the study of the lithosphere , or Earth's surface, including the crust and rocks . It includes the physical characteristics and processes that occur in the lithosphere as well as how they are affected by geothermal energy .
Petrology – Branch of geology that studies the formation, composition, distribution and structure of rocks; Pharmacognosy – Study of drugs obtained from natural sources; Pharmacology – Science of drugs and medications and their effects; Pharology – Scientific study of lighthouses and signal lights
The branches of science, also referred to as sciences, scientific fields or scientific disciplines, are commonly divided into three major groups: Formal sciences : the study of formal systems , such as those under the branches of logic and mathematics , which use an a priori , as opposed to empirical , methodology .
Environmental geology – Science of the practical application of geology in environmental problems. Quaternary geology – The branch of geology that studies developments more recent than 2.6 million years ago; Planetary geology – The geology of astronomical objects apparently in orbit around stellar objects