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  2. Infinite sites model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infinite_sites_model

    Like other mutation models, the ISM provides a basis for understanding how mutation develops new alleles in DNA sequences. Using allele frequencies, it allows for the calculation of heterozygosity , or genetic diversity , in a finite population and for the estimation of genetic distances between populations of interest.

  3. Nucleic acid sequence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_sequence

    DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleotide sequence of a given DNA fragment. The sequence of the DNA of a living thing encodes the necessary information for that living thing to survive and reproduce. Therefore, determining the sequence is useful in fundamental research into why and how organisms live, as well as in applied ...

  4. Nuclear fission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_fission

    Nuclear fission is an extreme example of large-amplitude collective motion that results in the division of a parent nucleus into two or more fragment nuclei. The fission process can occur spontaneously, or it can be induced by an incident particle."

  5. Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for ...

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_Structure_of...

    The two base-pair complementary chains of the DNA molecule allow replication of the genetic instructions. The "specific pairing" is a key feature of the Watson and Crick model of DNA, the pairing of nucleotide subunits. [5] In DNA, the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. The A:T and C:G pairs ...

  6. Spontaneous fission - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_fission

    Spontaneous fission (SF) is a form of radioactive decay in which a heavy atomic nucleus splits into two or more lighter nuclei. In contrast to induced fission , there is no inciting particle to trigger the decay; it is a purely probabilistic process.

  7. DNA replication - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_replication

    By convention, if the base sequence of a single strand of DNA is given, the left end of the sequence is the 5′ end, while the right end of the sequence is the 3′ end. The strands of the double helix are anti-parallel, with one being 5′ to 3′, and the opposite strand 3′ to 5′.

  8. Nucleic acid structure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleic_acid_structure

    The tertiary arrangement of DNA's double helix in space includes B-DNA, A-DNA, and Z-DNA. Triple-stranded DNA structures have been demonstrated in repetitive polypurine:polypyrimidine Microsatellite sequences and Satellite DNA. B-DNA is the most common form of DNA in vivo and is a more narrow, elongated helix than A-DNA. Its wide major groove ...

  9. Sequencing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequencing

    DNA sequencing is the process of determining the nucleotide order of a given DNA fragment. So far, most DNA sequencing has been performed using the chain termination method developed by Frederick Sanger. This technique uses sequence-specific termination of a DNA synthesis reaction using modified nucleotide substrates.