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Because heat exchangers can be configured many different ways, TEMA has standardized the nomenclature of exchanger types. [13] A letter designation is used for the front head type, shell type, and rear head type of an exchanger. For example, a fixed tubesheet exchanger with bolted removable bonnets is designated as a 'BEM' type.
The number of transfer units (NTU) method is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially parallel flow, counter current, and cross-flow exchangers) when there is insufficient information to calculate the log mean temperature difference (LMTD).
Additionally, the solution of the Cahn–Hilliard equation for a binary mixture is reasonably comparable with the solution of a Stefan problem. [11] In this comparison, the Stefan problem was solved using a front-tracking, moving-mesh method with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions at the outer boundary. Also, Stefan problems can be applied ...
The problem of heat transfer in the presence of liquid flowing around the body was first formulated and solved as a coupled problem by Theodore L. Perelman in 1961, [1] who also coined the term conjugate problem of heat transfer. Later T. L. Perelman, in collaboration with A.V. Luikov, [2] developed this approach further.
Assume heat transfer [2] is occurring in a heat exchanger along an axis z, from generic coordinate A to B, between two fluids, identified as 1 and 2, whose temperatures along z are T 1 (z) and T 2 (z). The local exchanged heat flux at z is proportional to the temperature difference:
The generation of heat is mainly produced by joule heating, this undesired effect has limited the performance of integrated circuits. In the preset article heat conduction was described and analytical and numerical methods to solve a heat transfer problem were presented.
Tubular heat exchanger Partial view into inlet plenum of shell and tube heat exchanger of a refrigerant based chiller for providing air-conditioning to a building. A heat exchanger is a system used to transfer heat between a source and a working fluid. Heat exchangers are used in both cooling and heating processes. [1]
Fehlberg, Erwin (1969) Low-order classical Runge-Kutta formulas with stepsize control and their application to some heat transfer problems. Vol. 315. Vol. 315. National aeronautics and space administration.