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  2. Volume fraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_fraction

    The volume of such a mixture is slightly less than the sum of the volumes of the components. Thus, by the above definition, the term "40% alcohol by volume" refers to a mixture of 40 volume units of ethanol with enough water to make a final volume of 100 units, rather than a mixture of 40 units of ethanol with 60 units of water.

  3. Excess property - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Excess_property

    The molar volume of a mixture can be found from the sum of the excess volumes of the components of a mixture: = (+ ¯). This formula holds because there is no change in volume upon mixing for an ideal mixture. The molar entropy, in contrast, is given by

  4. Dilution ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dilution_ratio

    The following formulas can be used to calculate the volumes of solute (V solute) and solvent (V solvent) to be used: [1] = = where V total is the desired total volume, and F is the desired dilution factor number (the number in the position of F if expressed as "1/F dilution factor" or "xF dilution"). However, some solutions and mixtures take up ...

  5. Glossary of chemistry terms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_chemistry_terms

    Also acid ionization constant or acidity constant. A quantitative measure of the strength of an acid in solution expressed as an equilibrium constant for a chemical dissociation reaction in the context of acid-base reactions. It is often given as its base-10 cologarithm, p K a. acid–base extraction A chemical reaction in which chemical species are separated from other acids and bases. acid ...

  6. Partial molar property - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_molar_property

    When one mole of water is added to a large volume of water at 25 °C, the volume increases by 18 cm 3. The molar volume of pure water would thus be reported as 18 cm 3 mol −1. However, addition of one mole of water to a large volume of pure ethanol results in an increase in volume of only 14 cm 3. The reason that the increase is different is ...

  7. Molar volume - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molar_volume

    The ideal gas equation can be rearranged to give an expression for the molar volume of an ideal gas: = = Hence, for a given temperature and pressure, the molar volume is the same for all ideal gases and is based on the gas constant: R = 8.314 462 618 153 24 m 3 ⋅Pa⋅K −1 ⋅mol −1, or about 8.205 736 608 095 96 × 10 −5 m 3 ⋅atm⋅K ...

  8. Concentration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentration

    In chemistry, concentration is the abundance of a constituent divided by the total volume of a mixture. Several types of mathematical description can be distinguished: mass concentration, molar concentration, number concentration, and volume concentration. [1]

  9. Viscosity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viscosity

    Viscosity is a measure of a fluid's rate-dependent resistance to a change in shape or to movement of its neighboring portions relative to one another. [1] For liquids, it corresponds to the informal concept of thickness; for example, syrup has a higher viscosity than water. [2]