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  2. Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire

    The exact term "Holy Roman Empire" was not used until the 13th century, before which the empire was referred to variously as universum regnum ("the whole kingdom", as opposed to the regional kingdoms), imperium christianum ("Christian empire"), or Romanum imperium ("Roman empire"), [29] but the Emperor's legitimacy always rested on the concept ...

  3. History of heraldry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_heraldry

    Arms of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor in the choir of the Cathedral of Cordoba, 16th century. Royal coats of arms in Siebmachers Wappenbuch (1605) In 1484, during the reign of Richard III , the various heralds employed by the crown were incorporated into the College of Arms , through which all new grants of arms would eventually be issued.

  4. Quaternion Eagle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quaternion_Eagle

    The Quaternion Eagle (1510, from woodcut by Hans Burgkmair and Jost de Negker). The Quaternion Eagle [needs IPA] (German: Quaternionenadler; Italian: aquila quaternione), also known as the Imperial Quaternion Eagle (German: Quaternionen-Reichsadler) [1] [2] or simply Imperial Eagle (German: Reichsadler), [a] was an informal coat of arms of the Holy Roman Empire.

  5. Origin of coats of arms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Origin_of_coats_of_arms

    In the Holy Roman Empire, Saxony, Thuringia and Brandenburg, special coins called bracteates bear the effigy of the issuing prince, with shield and gonfanon. The decoration of the shield does not appear to be fixed until 1160–1170, while the gonfanon appears to be stable earlier. [ 1 ] [

  6. Coat of arms - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coat_of_arms

    A coat of arms is a heraldic visual design [1] on an escutcheon (i.e., shield), surcoat, or tabard (the last two being outer garments). The coat of arms on an escutcheon forms the central element of the full heraldic achievement, which in its whole consists of a shield, supporters, a crest, and a motto.

  7. Coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coats_of_arms_of_the_Holy...

    The Reichsadler ("Imperial Eagle") was the heraldic eagle, derived from the Roman eagle standard, used by the Holy Roman Emperors and in modern coats of arms of Germany, including those of the Second German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the "Third Reich" (Nazi Germany, 1933–1945).

  8. Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor

    The English term "Holy Roman Emperor" is a modern shorthand for "emperor of the Holy Roman Empire" not corresponding to the historical style or title, i.e., the adjective "holy" is not intended as modifying "emperor"; the English term "Holy Roman Emperor" gained currency in the interbellum period (the 1920s to 1930s); formerly the title had ...

  9. List of states in the Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_in_the_Holy...

    In the 18th century, the Holy Roman Empire consisted of approximately 1,800 such territories, the majority being tiny estates owned by the families of Imperial Knights. [2] This page does not directly contain the list but discusses the format of the various lists and offers some background to understand the complex organisation of the Holy ...