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  2. Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire

    The exact term "Holy Roman Empire" was not used until the 13th century, before which the empire was referred to variously as universum regnum ("the whole kingdom", as opposed to the regional kingdoms), imperium christianum ("Christian empire"), or Romanum imperium ("Roman empire"), [29] but the Emperor's legitimacy always rested on the concept ...

  3. Globus cruciger - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Globus_cruciger

    The symbol was meant to demonstrate that the emperor ruled both politically and divinely. [6] [7] The papacy, which in the Middle Ages rivaled the Holy Roman Emperor in temporal power, also used the symbol on top of the Papal tiara, which consisted of a triple crown; the

  4. Holy Roman Emperor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_Roman_Emperor

    The English term "Holy Roman Emperor" is a modern shorthand for "emperor of the Holy Roman Empire" not corresponding to the historical style or title, i.e., the adjective "holy" is not intended as modifying "emperor"; the English term "Holy Roman Emperor" gained currency in the interbellum period (the 1920s to 1930s); formerly the title had ...

  5. Double-headed eagle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-headed_eagle

    A distinguishing feature of the Holy Roman eagle was that it was often depicted with haloes. In the 16th century, the double-headed eagle was the most powerful heraldic mark up to that time, as it symbolized the union of the imperial dignity of the Holy Roman Empire (the Habsburg empire) with the Spanish Monarchy.

  6. Aquila (Roman) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aquila_(Roman)

    Even after the adoption of Christianity as the Roman Empire's religion; the eagle continued to be used as a symbol by the Holy Roman Empire and the early Byzantine Empire although far more rarely and with a different meaning. In particular the double-headed eagle, despite strongly linking back to a Pagan symbol, became very popular among ...

  7. Cultural depictions of Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of...

    Equestrian Portrait of Charles V by Titian.. Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor (1500–1558), the first ruler of an empire where the sun never set, [1] has traditionally attracted considerable scholarly attention and also raises controversies among historians regarding his character, his rule and achievements (or failures) in the countries in his personal empire, as well as various social ...

  8. Golden bull - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden_Bull

    Imperial chrysobull of Alexios III of Trebizond, 1374 The gold seal of the Golden Bull of 1356 issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV The Golden Bull of 1242 by Béla IV to inhabitants of Zagreb in Croatia. A golden bull or chrysobull was a decree issued by Byzantine emperors and monarchs in Europe during the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

  9. Coats of arms of the Holy Roman Empire - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coats_of_arms_of_the_Holy...

    The Reichsadler ("Imperial Eagle") was the heraldic eagle, derived from the Roman eagle standard, used by the Holy Roman Emperors and in modern coats of arms of Germany, including those of the Second German Empire (1871–1918), the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) and the "Third Reich" (Nazi Germany, 1933–1945).