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2. Uniform Plumbing Code - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniform_Plumbing_Code

   Designated as an American National Standard, the Uniform Plumbing Code (UPC) is a model code developed by the International Association of Plumbing and Mechanical Officials to govern the installation and inspection of plumbing systems as a means of promoting the public's health, safety and welfare.

3. Air gap (plumbing) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_gap_(plumbing)

   According to the International Residential Code 2003, an air gap length must meet the requirements of being two times the effective inner diameter of the pipe (2×D) in order to be sufficient. [2] A standard widely use in the United States is: A112.1.2 Air Gaps in Plumbing Systems (For Plumbing Fixtures and Water-Connected Receptors)

4. Low-flow fixtures - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-flow_fixtures

   The energy policy EPAct 1992 for residential buildings, restricted toilets to a maximum of 1.6 gpf (Gallons per flush). Kitchen and bathroom faucets were limited to a flow rate of 2.2 gpm (gallons per minute) at 60 psi, and residential shower heads were limited to a flowrate of 2.5 gpm at 80 psi.

5. Low-flush toilet - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-flush_toilet

   A low-flush toilet (or low-flow toilet or high-efficiency toilet) is a flush toilet that uses significantly less water than traditional high-flow toilets. Before the early 1990s in the United States, standard flush toilets typically required at least 3.5 gallons (13.2 litres) per flush and they used float valves that often leaked, increasing their total water use.

6. Mechanical, electrical, and plumbing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical,_electrical...

   This system creates an additional overhead of 12% of initial energy consumption. This is a vast improvement from traditional active cooling units which have an overhead of 30-70%. [ 6 ] However, this novel and complicated method requires careful and expensive planning from mechanical engineers, who must work closely with the engineers designing ...

7. Drain-waste-vent system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain-waste-vent_system

   In the U.S., every plumbing fixture must also be coupled to the system's vent piping. [1] Without a vent, negative pressure can slow the flow of water leaving the system, resulting in clogs, or cause siphonage to empty a trap. The high point of the vent system (the top of its "soil stack") must be open to the exterior at atmospheric pressure.