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Includes many practical applications, problems and examples emphasizing troubleshooting, design, and safety to provide a solid foundation in the field of electronics. Assuming that readers have a basic understanding of algebra and trigonometry , the book provides a thorough treatment of the basic principles, theorems , circuit behavior and ...
The Shockley diode equation relates the diode current of a p-n junction diode to the diode voltage .This relationship is the diode I-V characteristic: = (), where is the saturation current or scale current of the diode (the magnitude of the current that flows for negative in excess of a few , typically 10 −12 A).
DAEs assume smooth characteristics for individual components; for example, a diode can be modeled/represented in a MNA with DAEs via the Shockley equation, but one cannot use an apparently simpler (more ideal) model where the sharply exponential forward and breakdown conduction regions of the curve are just straight vertical lines.
The transfer function of an ideal diode has been given at the top of this (non-linear) section. However, this formula is rarely used in network analysis, a piecewise approximation being used instead. It can be seen that the diode current rapidly diminishes to -I o as the voltage falls. This current, for most purposes, is so small it can be ignored.
The characteristic curve (curved line), representing the current I through the diode for any given voltage across the diode V D, is an exponential curve. The load line (diagonal line) , representing the relationship between current and voltage due to Kirchhoff's voltage law applied to the resistor and voltage source, is
The answer is not obvious, since the terminal voltage will not be V θ after Z e is connected. Instead, we imagine that we attach, in series with impedance Z e, a source with electromotive force E equal to V θ but directed to oppose V θ, as shown in Figure 2b. No current will then flow through Z e since E balances V θ.
Band diagram for p–n junction at equilibrium. The depletion region is shaded. φ B denotes band shift for holes and charges level. See P–n diode. The inner workings of a light emitting diode, showing circuit (top) and band diagram when a bias voltage is applied (bottom).
The saturation current (or scale current), more accurately the reverse saturation current, is the part of the reverse current in a semiconductor diode caused by diffusion of minority carriers from the neutral regions to the depletion region. This current is almost independent of the reverse voltage. [1]