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Some encodings (the original version of BinHex and the recommended encoding for CipherSaber) use four bits instead of six, mapping all possible sequences of 4 bits onto the 16 standard hexadecimal digits. Using 4 bits per encoded character leads to a 50% longer output than base64, but simplifies encoding and decoding—expanding each byte in ...
The tables below list the number of bytes per code point for different Unicode ranges. Any additional comments needed are included in the table. The figures assume that overheads at the start and end of the block of text are negligible. N.B. The tables below list numbers of bytes per code point, not per user visible "character" (or "grapheme ...
Hexadecimal (also known as base-16 or simply hex) is a positional numeral system that represents numbers using a radix (base) of sixteen. Unlike the decimal system representing numbers using ten symbols, hexadecimal uses sixteen distinct symbols, most often the symbols "0"–"9" to represent values 0 to 9 and "A"–"F" to represent values from ten to fifteen.
If an attempt is made to read this stream with the wrong endianness, the bytes will be swapped, thus delivering the character U+FFFE, which is defined by Unicode as a "noncharacter" that should never appear in the text. If the 16-bit units are represented in big-endian byte order ("UTF-16BE"), the BOM is the (hexadecimal) byte sequence FE FF
These examples show how various data sequences would be encoded by the COBS algorithm. In the examples, all bytes are expressed as hexadecimal values, and encoded data is shown with text formatting to illustrate various features: Bold indicates a data byte which has not been altered by encoding. All non-zero data bytes remain unaltered.
A hex editor or viewer may be used to view file data as a sequence of hexadecimal (or decimal, binary or ASCII character) values for corresponding bytes of a binary file. [ 2 ] If a binary file is opened in a text editor , each group of eight bits will typically be translated as a single character, and the user will see a (probably ...
Ascii85, also called Base85, is a form of binary-to-text encoding developed by Paul E. Rutter for the btoa utility. By using five ASCII characters to represent four bytes of binary data (making the encoded size 1 ⁄ 4 larger than the original, assuming eight bits per ASCII character), it is more efficient than uuencode or Base64, which use four characters to represent three bytes of data (1 ...
UTF-32 (32-bit Unicode Transformation Format), sometimes called UCS-4, is a fixed-length encoding used to encode Unicode code points that uses exactly 32 bits (four bytes) per code point (but a number of leading bits must be zero as there are far fewer than 2 32 Unicode code points, needing actually only 21 bits). [1]