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Ouro Preto (Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈo(w)ɾu ˈpɾetu], lit. ' Black Gold ' ), formerly Vila Rica ( Portuguese pronunciation: [ˈvilɐ ˈʁikɐ] , lit. ' Rich Village ' ), is a Brazilian municipality located in the state of Minas Gerais .
The gold rush opened up the major gold-producing area of Ouro Preto (Portuguese for black gold), then known as Vila Rica. [1] Eventually, the Brazilian Gold Rush created the world's longest gold rush period and the largest gold mines in South America. The rush began when bandeirantes discovered large gold deposits in the mountains of Minas ...
Ouro Preto has a rich history as a major mining town in colonial Brazil, which played an important role in the colonial economy. The architectural style, with its intricate designs and heavy use of gold, draws from the city’s history and wealth gained from gold mining in the eighteenth century. [13]
Ouro Preto's urban complex The capital of Minas Gerais until 1897, Ouro Preto was the first Brazilian city to be considered a World Heritage Site . Its historic center is famous for its colonial architecture, including the Church of Saint Francis of Assisi , Aleijadinho 's masterpiece.
The Minor Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar (Brazilian Portuguese: Basílica Menor Nossa Senhora do Pilar) in Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, popularly called the Our Lady of the Pillar Mother Church (Brazilian Portuguese: Igreja Matriz Nossa Senhora do Pilar), is one of the best known Catholic buildings among those erected during the Brazilian Gold Rush. [1]
Area view of the Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and surroundings. Side view. The building's project was the last to be done by Manuel Francisco Lisboa, but later the layout would be changed several times, and it is speculated that Aleijadinho, the designer's son, may have participated in these modifications, which gave the original plan typical Rococo features.
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The capital would be São João del Rei, and Ouro Preto would become a university town. The structure of the society, including the right to property and the ownership of slaves, would be kept intact.