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In a guideline issued in mid-1966, [49] the U.S. Office of the Federal Coordinator for Meteorology determined that weather data should be rounded to the nearest round number, with the "round half up" tie-breaking rule. For example, 1.5 rounded to integer should become 2, and −1.5 should become −1.
In decimal notation, a number ending in the digit "5" is also considered more round than one ending in another non-zero digit (but less round than any which ends with "0"). [2] [3] For example, the number 25 tends to be seen as more round than 24. Thus someone might say, upon turning 45, that their age is more round than when they turn 44 or 46.
There are two common rounding rules, round-by-chop and round-to-nearest. The IEEE standard uses round-to-nearest. Round-by-chop: The base-expansion of is truncated after the ()-th digit. This rounding rule is biased because it always moves the result toward zero. Round-to-nearest: () is set to the nearest floating-point number to . When there ...
For example, if 1254 is rounded to 2 significant figures, then 5 and 4 are replaced to 0 so that it will be 1300. For a number with the decimal point in rounding, remove the digits after the n digit. For example, if 14.895 is rounded to 3 significant figures, then the digits after 8 are removed so that it will be 14.9.
For example, the decimal number 123456789 cannot be exactly represented if only eight decimal digits of precision are available (it would be rounded to one of the two straddling representable values, 12345678 × 10 1 or 12345679 × 10 1), the same applies to non-terminating digits (. 5 to be rounded to either .55555555 or .55555556).
An order-of-magnitude estimate of a variable, whose precise value is unknown, is an estimate rounded to the nearest power of ten. For example, an order-of-magnitude estimate for a variable between about 3 billion and 30 billion (such as the human population of the Earth) is 10 billion. To round a number to its nearest order of magnitude, one ...
Round to nearest, ties to even – rounds to the nearest value; if the number falls midway, it is rounded to the nearest value with an even least significant digit. Round to nearest, ties away from zero (or ties to away ) – rounds to the nearest value; if the number falls midway, it is rounded to the nearest value above (for positive numbers ...
However the "round to nearest integer, and round ties towards zero" has mathematical applications (notably when computing the shortest continuous fractions of any rational number) because of its symetry: the round to nearest property allows the continuous fractions to be reduced to the smallest form (with less terms), and the symetry allows a ...