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  2. Positive feedback - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive_feedback

    A number of examples of positive feedback systems may be found in physiology. One example is the onset of contractions in childbirth , known as the Ferguson reflex . When a contraction occurs, the hormone oxytocin causes a nerve stimulus, which stimulates the hypothalamus to produce more oxytocin, which increases uterine contractions.

  3. Reward system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reward_system

    The reward system (the mesocorticolimbic circuit) is a group of neural structures responsible for incentive salience (i.e., "wanting"; desire or craving for a reward and motivation), associative learning (primarily positive reinforcement and classical conditioning), and positively-valenced emotions, particularly ones involving pleasure as a core component (e.g., joy, euphoria and ecstasy).

  4. Sensitization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensitization

    Sensitization is a non-associative learning process in which repeated administration of a stimulus results in the progressive amplification of a response. [1] Sensitization often is characterized by an enhancement of response to a whole class of stimuli in addition to the one that is repeated.

  5. Hodgkin cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hodgkin_Cycle

    In membrane biology, the Hodgkin cycle is a key component of membrane physiology that describes bioelectrical impulses, especially prevalent in neural and muscle tissues. It was identified by British physiologist and biophysicist Sir Alan Lloyd Hodgkin.

  6. Feedback - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feedback

    Positive feedback: If the signal feedback from output is in phase with the input signal, the feedback is called positive feedback. Negative feedback: If the signal feedback is out of phase by 180° with respect to the input signal, the feedback is called negative feedback. As an example of negative feedback, the diagram might represent a cruise ...

  7. Laughter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laughter

    Age, gender, education, language and culture are all indicators [3] as to whether a person will experience laughter in a given situation. Other than humans, some other species of primate ( chimpanzees , gorillas and orangutans ) show laughter-like vocalizations in response to physical contact such as wrestling, play chasing or tickling.

  8. Stimulus (physiology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stimulus_(physiology)

    In physiology, a stimulus [1] is a change in a living thing's internal or external environment.This change can be detected by an organism or organ using sensitivity, and leads to a physiological reaction. [2]

  9. Tubuloglomerular feedback - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubuloglomerular_feedback

    In the physiology of the kidney, tubuloglomerular feedback (TGF) is a feedback system inside the kidneys. Within each nephron , information from the renal tubules (a downstream area of the tubular fluid ) is signaled to the glomerulus (an upstream area).