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  2. Root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root

    When a plant is under dense vegetation, the presence of other vegetation nearby will cause the plant to avoid lateral growth and experience an increase in upward shoot, as well as downward root growth. In order to escape shade, plants adjust their root architecture, most notably by decreasing the length and amount of lateral roots emerging from ...

  3. Root hair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_hair

    The function of all root hairs is to collect water and mineral nutrients in the soil to be sent throughout the plant. In roots, most water absorption happens through the root hairs. The length of root hairs allows them to penetrate between soil particles and prevents harmful bacterial organisms from entering the plant through the xylem vessels. [1]

  4. Cortex (botany) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cortex_(botany)

    The loosely packed cells of root cortex allow movement of water and oxygen in the intercellular spaces. [4] One of the main functions of the root cortex is to serve as a storage area for reserve foods. [4] The innermost layer of the cortex in the roots of vascular plants is the endodermis. The endodermis is responsible for storing starch as ...

  5. Thorns, spines, and prickles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorns,_spines,_and_prickles

    Prickles on a blackberry branch. In plant morphology, thorns, spines, and prickles, and in general spinose structures (sometimes called spinose teeth or spinose apical processes), are hard, rigid extensions or modifications of leaves, roots, stems, or buds with sharp, stiff ends, and generally serve the same function: physically defending plants against herbivory.

  6. Lateral root - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral_root

    Lateral roots increase the surface area of a plant's root system and can be found in great abundance in several plant species. [1] In some cases, lateral roots have been found to form symbiotic relationships with rhizobia (bacteria) and mycorrhizae (fungi) found in the soil, to further increase surface area and increase nutrient uptake. [1]

  7. Pericycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericycle

    In dicot root, the vascular cambium is completely secondary in origin, and it originates from a portion of pericycle tissue. [citation needed] The pericycle regulates the formation of lateral roots by rapidly dividing near the xylem elements of the root. [2] It has been known to often be confused with other parts of the plant.

  8. Endodermis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endodermis

    Ranunculus Root Cross Section. The endodermis is the innermost layer of cortex in land plants. It is a cylinder of compact living cells, the radial walls of which are impregnated with hydrophobic substances (Casparian strip) to restrict apoplastic flow of water to the inside. [1] The endodermis is the boundary between the cortex and the stele.

  9. Radicle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicle

    In botany, the radicle is the first part of a seedling (a growing plant embryo) to emerge from the seed during the process of germination. [1] The radicle is the embryonic root of the plant, and grows downward in the soil (the shoot emerges from the plumule). Above the radicle is the embryonic stem or hypocotyl, supporting the cotyledon(s). [2]