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The microphone should ideally have a clipping level of 120 to 140 dB SPL if high-level distortion is to be measured. A typical top-end speaker, driven by a typical 100watt power amplifier , cannot produce peak levels much above 105 dB SPL at 1 m (which translates roughly to 105 dB at the listening position from a pair of speakers in a typical ...
being approximately the lowest sound intensity hearable by an undamaged human ear under room conditions. The proper notations for sound intensity level using this reference are L I /(1 pW/m 2) or L I (re 1 pW/m 2), but the notations dB SIL, dB(SIL), dBSIL, or dB SIL are very common, even if they are not accepted by the SI. [6]
Standard engineering methods are not always sufficient when comparing like with like. One CD player, for example, might have higher measured noise than another CD player when measured with a RMS method, or even an A-weighted RMS method, yet sound quieter and measure lower when 468-weighting is used.
A graph of the A-, B-, C- and D-weightings across the frequency range 10 Hz – 20 kHz Video illustrating A-weighting by analyzing a sine sweep (contains audio). A-weighting is a form of frequency weighting and the most commonly used of a family of curves defined in the International standard IEC 61672:2003 and various national standards relating to the measurement of sound pressure level. [1]
The best type of microphone for sound level meters is the condenser microphone, which combines precision with stability and reliability. [1] The diaphragm of the microphone responds to changes in air pressure caused by sound waves. That is why the instrument is sometimes referred to as a sound pressure level meter (SPL).
Exposure to loud music can lead to a range of hearing problems such as noise-induced hearing loss, tinnitus and hyperacusis. Here are some commonly quoted comparisons of sound levels: 0 dB(A) - the lowest sound level a person with normal hearing can detect [4] 20 dB(A) - a quiet room at night; 60 dB(A) - ordinary spoken conversation
Signal flow is the path an audio signal will take from source to the speaker or recording device. Signal flow may be short and simple as in a home audio system or long and convoluted in a recording studio and larger sound reinforcement system as the signal may pass through many sections of a large mixing console, external audio equipment, and even different rooms.
Auditory sensitivity changes when the duration of a sound becomes less than 1 second. The threshold intensity decreases by about 10 dB when the duration of a tone burst is increased from 20 to 200 ms. For example, suppose that the quietest sound a subject can hear is 16 dB SPL if the sound is presented at a duration of 200 ms.