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Some versions of brane cosmology, based on the large extra dimension idea, can explain the weakness of gravity relative to the other fundamental forces of nature, thus solving the hierarchy problem. In the brane picture, the electromagnetic , weak and strong nuclear force are localized on the brane, but gravity has no such constraint and ...
One common assumption is that the multiverse is a "patchwork quilt of separate universes all bound by the same laws of physics." [2] The concept of multiple universes, or a multiverse, has been discussed throughout history, including Greek philosophy. It has evolved and has been debated in various fields, including cosmology, physics, and ...
A point particle is a 0-brane, of dimension zero; a string, named after vibrating musical strings, is a 1-brane; a membrane, named after vibrating membranes such as drumheads, is a 2-brane. [2] The corresponding object of arbitrary dimension p is called a p-brane, a term coined by M. J. Duff et al. in 1988. [3]
The simulated multiverse implies that technological leaps suggest that the universe is just a simulation. The ultimate multiverse is the ultimate theory, saying the principle of fecundity asserts that every possible universe is a real universe, thereby obviating the question of why one possibility – ours – is special. These universes ...
They can have mass and other attributes such as charge. A p-brane sweeps out a (p + 1)-dimensional volume in spacetime called its worldvolume. Physicists often study fields analogous to the electromagnetic field which live on the worldvolume of a brane. The word brane comes from the word "membrane" which refers to a two-dimensional brane. [13]
In string theory and other related theories, a brane is a physical object that generalizes the notion of a point particle to higher dimensions. For instance, a point particle can be viewed as a brane of dimension zero, while a string can be viewed as a brane of dimension one. It is also possible to consider higher-dimensional branes.
The multiverse theory has created significant dissension in the scientific community about the viability of the inflationary model. Paul Steinhardt , one of the original architects of the inflationary model, introduced the first example of eternal inflation in 1983. [ 97 ]
Eternal inflation and the multiverse: In 1982, Steinhardt presented the first example of eternal inflation. [12] Neverending inflation was eventually shown to be a generic feature of inflationary models that leads to a multiverse , the break-up of space into an infinite multitude of patches spanning an infinite range of outcomes instead of the ...