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The Borgia family stands out in history as being infamously steeped in sin and immorality, yet there is evidence to suggest that this one-dimensional characterization is a result of undeserved contemporary critiques.
The Borgias, also known as the Borjas, were a European papal family of Spanish origin that became prominent during the Renaissance. The family produced three popes of the Catholic Church: Callixtus III (born Alfons de Borja; 1378–1458) – served as pope from 8 April 1455 until his death on 6 August 1458 [1]
Lucrezia Borgia [a] (18 April 1480 – 24 June 1519) was an Italian noblewoman of the House of Borgia who was the illegitimate daughter of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei. She reigned as the governor of Spoleto , in her own right, a position usually held by cardinals .
Gioffre Borgia (1481– January 1517), also known as Goffredo , or Jofré Borja , was the youngest illegitimate son of Pope Alexander VI and Vannozza dei Cattanei, and a member of the House of Borgia.
Cesare as a boy, painted by Pinturicchio. Like many aspects of Cesare Borgia's life, the date of his birth is a subject of dispute. He was born in Subiaco in Lazio, Italy [1] [2] in either 1475 or 1476, the illegitimate son of Cardinal Roderic Llançol i de Borja, usually known as "Rodrigo Borgia", later Pope Alexander VI, and his Italian mistress Vannozza dei Cattanei, about whom information ...
The Borgias: The Hidden History is a 2013 non-fiction book by G. J. Meyer about the history of the Borgia family in Renaissance Italy.Based on a re-examination of contemporary and modern material, it contradicts a number of the generally accepted statements about the Borgia popes and their relatives.
An account of the banquet appears in the Liber Notarum of Johann Burchard, the Protonotary Apostolic and Master of Ceremonies. This diary, a primary source on the life of Alexander VI, was preserved in the Vatican Secret Archive; it became available to researchers in the mid-19th century when Pope Leo XIII opened the archive, although Leo expressed specific reluctance to allow general access ...
The Borgias: The Hidden History; C. Pope Callixtus III; Cantarella; Carlos de Borja y Centellas; Cesare Borgia; Charlotte of Albret; E. Enrique de Borja y Aragón;