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2. DIBELS - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIBELS

   As noted above in the subtest section DIBELS recommends using the initial sound Fluency (ISF), Phoneme Segmentation Fluency (PSF), and Nonsense Word Fluency (NWF) subtests with 1st grade students adding in the ORF subtest halfway through the year. Reidel (2007) found that the PSF score was a poor indicator of reading comprehension. [4]

3. Fountas and Pinnell reading levels - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fountas_and_Pinnell...

   A meta-analysis of 21 studies found that the F&P Text Level Gradient system did not lead to effective reading fluency interventions. [ 8 ] Matthew Burns, a reading researcher at the University of Florida, has studied assessments within the F&P Text Level Gradient system and found that they result in 54% total accuracy and correctly identify low ...

4. Phonics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonics

   Reading by using phonics is often referred to as decoding words, sounding-out words or using print-to-sound relationships.Since phonics focuses on the sounds and letters within words (i.e. sublexical), [13] it is often contrasted with whole language (a word-level-up philosophy for teaching reading) and a compromise approach called balanced literacy (the attempt to combine whole language and ...

5. Phonemic awareness - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonemic_awareness

   The National Reading Panel has found that phonemic awareness improves children's word reading and reading comprehension and helps children learn to spell. [1] Phonemic awareness is the basis for learning phonics. [2] Phonemic awareness and phonological awareness are often confused since they are interdependent.

6. Phonological awareness - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_awareness

   All levels of phonological awareness ability (syllable, onset-rhyme, and phoneme) contribute to reading abilities in the Kindergarten through second grade. [ 55 ] [ 56 ] However, beyond the second grade, phoneme-level abilities play a stronger role.

7. National Reading Panel - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Reading_Panel

   The NRP analyzed 16 studies showing that teaching oral reading fluency led to improvements in word reading, fluency, and reading comprehension for students in grades 1–4, and for older students with reading problems. Instruction that had students reading texts aloud, with repetition and feedback led to clear learning benefits. [8]