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Inferior vena cava syndrome (IVCS) is a very rare constellation of symptoms resulting from either obstruction or stenosis of the inferior vena cava. It can be caused by physical invasion or compression by a pathological process, or by thrombosis within the vein itself. It can also occur during pregnancy. Symptoms including high venous pressure ...
The superior vena cava (SVC), which carries blood returning from the upper parts of the body, is disconnected from the heart and instead redirects the blood into the pulmonary arteries. [13] The inferior vena cava (IVC), which carries blood returning from the lower body, continues to connect to the right atrium. [14] [12]
The inferior vena cava is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins , usually at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra .
Congenital stenosis of vena cava is a congenital anomaly in which the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava has an aberrant interruption or coarctation. In some cases, it can be asymptomatic, [ 1 ] and in other cases it can lead to fluid accumulation and cardiopulmonary collapse.
Technically it is very similar to the bidirectional Glenn procedure used to direct half the body's venous blood flow into the lungs. However, in patients with interrupted IVC, most of the blood from the lower body actually joins the blood from the upper body before returning to the heart via the superior vena cava (SVC).
The portacaval shunt connects the portal vein to the inferior vena cava, allowing blood to travel directly from the portal vein to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver entirely. The shunt is typically used to manage complications of portal hypertension, such as upper gastrointestinal bleeding. However, technological advancements have ...
There are case reports of the inferior vena cava being compressed by the iliac arteries or right-sided compression syndromes, but the vast majority are on the left side. While this is the suspected cause of the syndrome, the left iliac vein is frequently seen to be compressed in asymptomatic patients, and considered an anatomic variant.
Aortocaval compression syndrome, also known as supine hypotensive syndrome, is compression of the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava by the gravid uterus when a pregnant woman lies on her back, i.e. in the supine position.