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David Playing the Harp by Jan de Bray, 1670.. Knowledge of the biblical period is mostly from literary references in the Bible and post-biblical sources. Religion and music historian Herbert Lockyer, Jr. writes that "music, both vocal and instrumental, was well cultivated among the Hebrews, the New Testament Christians, and the Christian church through the centuries."
The movements marked "Recitative" (Rec.) are "secco", accompanied by only the continuo, whereas the recitatives marked "Accompagnato" (Acc.) are accompanied by additional string instruments. Handel used four voice parts, soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B) in the solo and choral movements.
In stark contrast, the bass sings the continuation in an accompagnato "For behold, darkness shall cover the earth" (Isaiah 60:2–3) on a background of the strings playing mysterious repeated motifs in major and minor seconds, until the text switches to "but the Lord shall arise" (which the voice presents as a melisma of two measures), followed ...
Jubal (also Yuval, Yubal or Tubal; Hebrew: יוּבָל – Yūḇāl) is a biblical figure in Genesis 4:21 of the Hebrew Bible and Old Testament. [1] Mentioned only once, he is sometimes regarded by Christians, particularly by medieval commentators, as the 'inventor of music'. A descendant of Cain, his father is Lamech and his brother is Jabal ...
Handel uses four voice parts in both solo and chorus, soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B). Only once is the chorus divided in an upper chorus and a lower chorus, it is SATB otherwise. The orchestra scoring is simple: oboes , strings and basso continuo of harpsichord , violoncello , violone and bassoon .
"The Crucifixion" from Jesus Christ Superstar (1969), by Tim Rice and Andrew Lloyd Webber; Douglas Allanbrook The Seven Last Words for mezzo-soprano, baritone, chorus and orchestra (1970) Sofia Gubaidulina Sieben Worte for cello, bayan, and strings (1982) James MacMillan: Seven Last Words from the Cross, cantata for choir and strings (1993)
Instead, Jennens's text is an extended reflection on Jesus as the Messiah called Christ. The text begins in Part I with prophecies by Isaiah and others, and moves to the annunciation to the shepherds, the only "scene" taken from the Gospels. In Part II, Handel concentrates on the Passion of Jesus and ends with the Hallelujah chorus.
the kinnor a lyre with 10 strings; the shofar, a hollowed-out ram's horn; the chatzutzera, or trumpet, made of silver; the tof or small drum; the metziltayim, or cymbals; the paamon or bell; the halil, a large flute; According to the Mishna, the regular Temple orchestra consisted of twelve instruments, and the choir of twelve male singers.