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Fetal hydantoin syndrome, also called fetal dilantin syndrome, is a group of defects caused to the developing fetus by exposure to teratogenic effects of phenytoin. Dilantin is the brand name of the drug phenytoin sodium in the United States, commonly used in the treatment of epilepsy .
The risk of first-degree relatives developing the same hypersensitivity reaction is higher than in the general population. [1] As this syndrome can present secondary to multiple anticonvulsants, the general term "anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome" (AHS) is favored over the original descriptive term "dilantin hypersensitivity syndrome."
Phenytoin may accumulate in the cerebral cortex over long periods of time which can cause atrophy of the cerebellum. The degree of atrophy is related to the duration of phenytoin treatment and is not related to dosage of the medication. [23] Phenytoin is known to be a causal factor in the development of peripheral neuropathy. [24]
Women should speak to their doctor or healthcare professional before starting or stopping any medications while pregnant. [1] Drugs taken in pregnancy including over-the counter-medications, prescription medications, nutritional supplements, recreational drugs, and illicit drugs may cause harm to the mother or the unborn child.
HG is estimated to affect 0.3–2.0% of pregnant women, although some sources say the figure can be as high as 3%. [6] [9] [5] While previously known as a common cause of death in pregnancy, with proper treatment this is now very rare. [13] [14] Those affected have a lower risk of miscarriage but a higher risk of premature birth. [15]
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