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2. Two-dimensional space - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-dimensional_space

   A two-dimensional space is a mathematical space with two dimensions, meaning points have two degrees of freedom: their locations can be locally described with two coordinates or they can move in two independent directions. Common two-dimensional spaces are often called planes, or, more generally, surfaces. These include analogs to physical ...

3. Space (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_(mathematics)

   The third-level classification distinguishes, for example, between spaces of different dimension, but does not distinguish between a plane of a three-dimensional Euclidean space, treated as a two-dimensional Euclidean space, and the set of all pairs of real numbers, also treated as a two-dimensional Euclidean space. Likewise it does not ...

4. Plane (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plane_(mathematics)

   In mathematics, a plane is a two-dimensional space or flat surface that extends indefinitely. A plane is the two-dimensional analogue of a point (zero dimensions), a line (one dimension) and three-dimensional space. When working exclusively in two-dimensional Euclidean space, the definite article is used, so the Euclidean plane refers to the ...

5. Dimension - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension

   A two-dimensional Euclidean space is a two-dimensional space on the plane. The inside of a cube, a cylinder or a sphere is three-dimensional (3D) because three coordinates are needed to locate a point within these spaces. In classical mechanics, space and time are different categories and refer to absolute space and time.

6. Euclidean plane - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclidean_plane

   In mathematics, a Euclidean plane is a Euclidean space of dimension two, denoted or . It is a geometric space in which two real numbers are required to determine the position of each point . It is an affine space , which includes in particular the concept of parallel lines .

7. Real coordinate space - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real_coordinate_space

   Special cases are called the real line R 1, the real coordinate plane R 2, and the real coordinate three-dimensional space R 3. With component-wise addition and scalar multiplication, it is a real vector space. The coordinates over any basis of the elements of a real vector space form a real coordinate space of the same dimension as that of the ...

8. Packing problems - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packing_problems

   The hexagonal packing of circles on a 2-dimensional Euclidean plane. These problems are mathematically distinct from the ideas in the circle packing theorem.The related circle packing problem deals with packing circles, possibly of different sizes, on a surface, for instance the plane or a sphere.

9. Hyperplane - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperplane

   In geometry, a hyperplane of an n-dimensional space V is a subspace of dimension n − 1, or equivalently, of codimension 1 in V.The space V may be a Euclidean space or more generally an affine space, or a vector space or a projective space, and the notion of hyperplane varies correspondingly since the definition of subspace differs in these settings; in all cases however, any hyperplane can ...