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Kevlar (para-aramid) [2] is a strong, heat-resistant synthetic fiber, related to other aramids such as Nomex and Technora.Developed by Stephanie Kwolek at DuPont in 1965, [3] [2] [4] the high-strength material was first used commercially in the early 1970s as a replacement for steel in racing tires.
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Since carbon nanotubes have a low density for a solid of 1.3 to 1.4 g/cm 3, its specific strength of up to 48,000 kN·m·kg −1 is the best of known materials, compared to high-carbon steel's 154 kN·m·kg −1.
The school's latest experiment uses graphene material that's 5 percent as dense as steel and ten times the metal's strength, showing what's possible when the composite is more than just a flat sheet.
In 2004, bulk amorphous steel was successfully produced by a groups at Oak Ridge National Laboratory, which refers to their product as "glassy steel", and another at University of Virginia, named "DARVA-Glass 101". [17] [18] The product is non-magnetic at room temperature and significantly stronger than conventional steel. [19] [20]
The material can be drilled with extreme difficulty using diamond or carbide. Although it can be forged from a yellow heat, it may crumble if hammered when white-hot, and is much tougher than carbon steel when heated. [10] It can be cut with an oxy-acetylene torch, but plasma or laser cutting is the preferred method. [11]
Buckypaper is one tenth the weight yet potentially 500 times stronger than steel when its sheets are stacked to form a composite. [1] It could disperse heat like brass or steel and it could conduct electricity like copper or silicon. [1]
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