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Food fortification is the addition of micronutrients (essential trace elements and vitamins) to food products. Food enrichment specifically means adding back nutrients lost during food processing, while fortification includes adding nutrients not naturally present. [ 1 ]
The Food Fortification Initiative (FFI) is an organization that promotes the fortification of industrially milled flours and cereals. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] FFI assists country leaders in promoting, planning, implementing, and monitoring the fortification of industrially milled wheat flour , maize flour , and rice . [ 3 ]
Since 2002, GAIN has supported the roll-out fortification in approximately 30 low and middle-income countries as an approach to help decrease malnutrition. [10] As a result, 14 countries mandated Large Scale Food Fortification. [11] The GAIN Premix Facility project assists countries in procure high-quality, low-cost mineral and vitamin premix. [12]
The Food Fortification Initiative lists all countries in the world that conduct fortification programs, [9] and within each country, what nutrients are added to which foods. Vitamin fortification programs exist in one or more countries for folate, niacin, riboflavin, thiamin, vitamin A, vitamin B 6, vitamin B 12, vitamin D and vitamin E. As of ...
Turkey's Ministry of Health uses the Basic Food Groups (Turkish: Temel Besin Grupları), a four-part division of milk and dairy; meat, eggs, fish, legumes and seeds; vegetables and fruit; and bread and cereal. Each food group is accompanied by bullet points, such as serving recommendations or advice to eat more raw vegetables and whole grains. [34]
This resulted in a large expansion of enrichment, but smaller local mills were still selling cheap, unenriched flour that could end up consumed by the poor, which needed enrichment the most. In 1943, the War Foods Administration issued a temporary ban on non-enriched bread, finally raising enrichment compliance to 100%. [2]
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In the US, mandatory fortification of enriched breads, cereals, flours, corn meal, pastas, rice, and other grain products began in January 1998. As of 2023, 140 countries require food fortification with one or more vitamins, [32] with folate required in 69 countries. The most commonly fortified food is wheat flour, followed by maize flour and rice.