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log 10 β values between about 2 and 11 can be measured directly by potentiometric titration using a glass electrode. This enormous range of stability constant values (ca. 100 to 10 11) is possible because of the logarithmic response of the electrode. The limitations arise because the Nernst equation breaks down at very low or very high pH.
The equilibrium constant of a chemical reaction is the value of its reaction quotient at chemical equilibrium, a state approached by a dynamic chemical system after sufficient time has elapsed at which its composition has no measurable tendency towards further change. For a given set of reaction conditions, the equilibrium constant is ...
In chemistry, biochemistry, and pharmacology, a dissociation constant (K D) is a specific type of equilibrium constant that measures the propensity of a larger object to separate (dissociate) reversibly into smaller components, as when a complex falls apart into its component molecules, or when a salt splits up into its component ions.
These calculations find application in many different areas of chemistry, biology, medicine, and geology. For example, many compounds used for medication are weak acids or bases, and a knowledge of the p K a values, together with the octanol-water partition coefficient , can be used for estimating the extent to which the compound enters the ...
To illustrate the processes, consider the case of dissolving a weak acid, HA, in water. The pH can be calculated using an ICE table. The pH can be calculated using an ICE table. Note that in this example, we are assuming that the acid is not very weak, and that the concentration is not very dilute, so that the concentration of [OH − ] ions ...
When pure substances (liquids or solids) are involved in equilibria their activities do not appear in the equilibrium constant [14] because their numerical values are considered one. Applying the general formula for an equilibrium constant to the specific case of a dilute solution of acetic acid in water one obtains
Hydrogen ion concentration can be increased by the presence of carbon dioxide, which behaves as a weak acid. H 2 O + CO 2 ⇌ HCO − 3 + H + The iron atom can also bind to other molecules such as carbon monoxide. Cigarette smoke contains some carbon monoxide so the equilibrium HbO 2 + CO ⇌ Hb(CO) + O 2. is established in the blood of ...
Sulfur dioxide: 6.803 0.05636 Sulfur hexafluoride [2] 7.857 0.0879 Tetrachloromethane [2] 20.01 0.1281 Tetrachlorosilane [2] 20.96 0.1470 Tetrafluoroethylene [2] 6.954 0.0809 Tetrafluoromethane [2] 4.040 0.0633 Tetrafluorosilane [2] 5.259 0.0724 Tetrahydrofuran [2] 16.39 0.1082 Tin tetrachloride: 27.27 0.1642 Thiophene [2] 17.21 0.1058 Toluene ...