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A tumor suppressor gene (TSG), or anti-oncogene, is a gene that regulates a cell during cell division and replication. [1] If the cell grows uncontrollably, it will result in cancer. When a tumor suppressor gene is mutated, it results in a loss or reduction in its function.
Under this model, cancer arises as the result of a single, isolated event, rather than the slow accumulation of multiple mutations. [4] The exact function of some tumor suppressor genes is not currently known (e.g. MEN1, WT1), [5] but based on these genes following the Knudson "two-hit" hypothesis, they are strongly presumed to be suppressor genes.
To tightly control cell division, cells have processes within them that prevent cell growth and division. These processes are orchestrated by proteins encoded by tumor suppressor genes. These genes take information from the cell to ensure that it is ready to divide, and will halt division if not (when the DNA is damaged, for example). In cancer ...
Development of cancer was proposed in 1971 to depend on at least two mutational events. In what became known as the Knudson two-hit hypothesis, an inherited, germ-line mutation in a tumor suppressor gene would cause cancer only if another mutation event occurred later in the organism's life, inactivating the other allele of that tumor ...
Research shows gene defect's role in autism-like behavior; Dance Your PhD 2017 : A Story of Tumor Suppression Deepti Mathur. PTEN and cancer explained in dance. A metabolic pathway uses glutamine to create a component of DNA. This pathway is regulated in part by PTEN. Loss of PTEN allows the pathway to go into overdrive, leading to cancer.
The TP53 gene is the most frequently mutated gene (>50%) in human cancer, indicating that the TP53 gene plays a crucial role in preventing cancer formation. [5] TP53 gene encodes proteins that bind to DNA and regulate gene expression to prevent mutations of the genome. [ 12 ]
For instance, the PDZRN4 gene, which may function as a tumor suppressor, and ALPK2, a gene associated with cancer and heart health in animal models, stood out as potential markers of aging.
In order for a tumor cell to survive, it must decrease its expression of tumor suppressor genes such as p53, BRCA1, BRCA2, RB1, or the fas receptor. [4] [5] A tumor suppressor would trigger an apoptotic pathway in a cancer cell if there were DNA damage, polyploidy, or uncontrolled cell growth.