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Tanning, or hide tanning, is the process of treating skins and hides of animals to produce leather. A tannery is the place where the skins are processed. Historically, vegetable based tanning used tannin , an acidic chemical compound derived from the bark of certain trees, in the production of leather.
A tanner treating leather in Morocco. Bating is a technical term used in the tanning industry to denote leather that has been treated with hen or pigeon manure, similar to puering (see puer) where the leather has been treated with dog excrement, and which treatment, in both cases, was performed on the raw hide prior to tanning in order to render the skins, and the subsequent leather, soft and ...
Leather is a strong, flexible and durable material obtained from the tanning, or chemical treatment, of animal skins and hides to prevent decay. The most common leathers come from cattle , sheep , goats, equine animals, buffalo, pigs and hogs, and aquatic animals such as seals and alligators.
shaving - the leather is thinned using a machine which cuts leather fibres off. neutralisation - the pH of the leather is adjusted to a value between 4.5 and 6.5. retanning - additional tanning agents are added to impart properties. dyeing - the leather is coloured. fatliquoring - fats/oils and waxes are fixed to the leather fibres.
The term tannin (from Anglo-Norman tanner, from Medieval Latin tannare, from tannum, "oak bark") refers to the use of oak and other bark in tanning animal hides into leather. By extension, the term tannin is widely applied to any large polyphenolic compound containing sufficient hydroxyls and other suitable groups (such as carboxyls ) to form ...
The oldest confirmed leather tanning tools were found in ancient Sumer and date to approximately 5000 BCE. [5] The oldest surviving piece of leather footwear is the Areni-1 shoe that was made in Armenia around 3500 BCE. Another, possibly older, piece of leather was found in Guitarrero Cave in northern Peru, dating to the Archaic period. [2]: 340
Chromium tanning is the most popular tanning method as 90% of all leather in the world is processed this way. [13] Alligator hide is also tanned using the Chromium process. [14] A reason many tanneries choose to use chromium is due to the final leather product being more durable and stretchy, ideal for leather accessories and garments.
Ostrich leather is the result of tanning skins taken from African ostriches farmed for their feathers, skin and meat. The leather is distinctive for its pattern of vacant quill follicles, forming bumps ranged across a smooth field in varying densities. It requires an intricate, specialised, and expensive production process making its aesthetic ...
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