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Sadd el-Kafara ("Dam of the Infidels") was a masonry embankment dam on Wadi al-Garawi 10 km southeast of Helwan in Cairo, Egypt.The dam was built in the first half of the third millennium BC by the ancient Egyptians for flood control and is the second oldest dam of the world, after the Marib Dam in Yemen.
Approximate location of Canal of the Pharaohs. The Canal of the Pharaohs, also called the Ancient Suez Canal or Necho's Canal, is the forerunner of the Suez Canal, constructed in ancient times and kept in use, with intermissions, until being closed in 767 AD for strategic reasons during a rebellion.
Bahr Yussef near the town of Minya. The Bahr Yussef (Arabic: بحر يوسف; "the waterway of Joseph" [1]) is a canal which connects the Nile River with Faiyum Oasis in Egypt. In ancient times it was called Tomis (Ancient Greek: Τωμις) by the Greeks, which was derived from its Egyptian name Tm.t ("ending canal").
Faiyum was known to the ancient Egyptians as the twenty-first nome of Upper Egypt, Atef-Pehu ("Northern Sycamore"). Its capital was Sh-d-y-t (usually written "Shedyt"), [6] called by the Greeks Crocodilopolis, and refounded by Ptolemy II Philadelphus as Arsinoe. [citation needed] Faiyum Oasis (2008)
The name "Lake Moeris" is derived from the Greek translation (Μοῖρῐς λίμνη Limne Moeris) of the Egyptian place-name mr-wr (lit. "Great Canal"). [7] This name is likely a reference to the Bahr Yussef, and as the pharaoh responsible for its construction Amenemhat III was referred to by the Greeks as "King Moeris".
It starts near the modern town of Zagazig and the ancient town of Bubastis and goes east to the area of modern Ismaïlia. In ancient times, this was a major communication artery for caravan trade between Egypt and points to the east. The Canal of the Pharaohs was built there. A little water still flows along the wadi. [1]
There is only one year-round river in Egypt, the Nile. It has no non-seasonal tributaries for its entire length in Egypt, though it has two further upstream, the Blue Nile and White Nile, which merge in central Sudan. In the Nile Delta, the river splits into a number of distributaries and lesser channels.
Also, papyri dealing with the chronology of the Ancient Egyptian world have been found called Sothic cycle. [29] The papyrus containing the Sothic date was found by Petrie and has narrowed Lahun's establishment to a fifty year timespan during the 12th Dynasty. [30] The papyrus says that it is "Month 8 Day 16 of a Year 7". [31]