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Rudolf Julius Emanuel Clausius (German pronunciation: [ˈʁuːdɔlf ˈklaʊzi̯ʊs]; [1] [2] 2 January 1822 – 24 August 1888) was a German physicist and mathematician and is considered one of the central founding fathers of the science of thermodynamics. [3]
William John Macquorn Rankine FRSE FRS (/ ˈ r æ ŋ k ɪ n /; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics , particularly focusing on its First Law.
W J Macquorn Rankine . William John Macquorn Rankine FRSE FRS (/ ˈ r æ ŋ k ɪ n /; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mathematician and physicist.He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularly focusing on its First Law.
The Thomson family tree: James Thomson (mathematician), James Thomson (engineer), and William Thomson, were all professors at the University of Glasgow, the latter two through their association with William Rankine, another Glasgow professor, who worked to form one of the founding schools of thermodynamics.
William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) amalgamated all of these laws into the laws of thermodynamics, which aided in the rapid development of explanations of chemical processes using the concept of energy by Rudolf Clausius, Josiah Willard Gibbs and Walther Nernst.
In 1863 Rudolf Clausius published his noted memoir On the Concentration of Rays of Heat and Light, and on the Limits of Its Action, wherein he outlined a preliminary relationship, based on his own work and that of William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), between living processes and his newly developed concept of entropy.
1852 – Joule and Thomson demonstrate that a rapidly expanding gas cools, later named the Joule–Thomson effect or Joule–Kelvin effect; 1854 – Helmholtz puts forward the idea of the heat death of the universe; 1854 – Clausius establishes the importance of dQ/T (Clausius's theorem), but does not yet name the quantity
1850–51 – William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin & Rudolf Clausius: Second law of thermodynamics; 1857 – Rudolf Clausius: Introduced translational, rotational, and vibrational molecular motions; 1857 – Rudolf Clausius: Introduced the concept of mean free path; 1860 – James Clerk Maxwell: Introduced statistical mechanics with the Maxwell ...