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Small trees such as holly and dogwood are understory specialists. In temperate deciduous forests, many understory plants start into growth earlier in the year than the canopy trees, to make use of the greater availability of light at that particular time of year. A gap in the canopy caused by the death of a tree stimulates the potential ...
Other trees and shrubs filling in the canopy and understory include sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), Carolina ash (Fraxinus caroliniana), blueberry hawthorn (Crataegus brachiacanthua), and arrowwood viburnum (Viburnum dentatum). The shade of the canopy and the severity of the wet and dry conditions limit the species that grow in the understory.
The top layer of the understory is the sub-canopy composed of smaller mature trees, saplings, and suppressed juvenile canopy layer trees awaiting an opening in the canopy. Below the sub-canopy is the shrub layer, composed of low growing woody plants. Typically the lowest growing (and most diverse) layer is the ground cover or herbaceous layer.
Useful as understory trees, eastern redbuds work especially well when layered with large surrounding trees and on flat lawns. In the fall, keep an eye out for chickadees and northern bobwhites ...
Acer floridanum (southern sugar maple) [12] When competing for sunlight, the tree is most often confined to the understory. It is limited mostly to the coastal plains and the Piedmont. POWO lists this as a subspecies of Acer saccharum. Uses: timber; landscaping, palatable food, pulpwood, veneers. [4] [13] IL VA and the Southeast
The most characteristic trees of southern and low altitude New England swamps are hemlock (Tsuga canadensis), northern white cedar (Thuja occidentalis), tamarack (Larix laricina), balsam poplar (Populus balsamifera), red maple (Acer rubrum), atlantic white cedar (Chamaecyparis thyoides), tupelo (Nyssa sylvatica) and black ash (Fraxinus nigra ...
Florida longleaf pine sandhills consist of stands of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) on very well-drained, sandy hills of the coastal plains of Florida. These stands are maintained by frequent fires. Turkey oak (Quercus laevis) is common in the understory. Wiregrass (Aristida beyrichiana) makes up the ground layer. [5]
The typical climate of the southern Appalachian spruce–fir forest, while too extreme for most broad-leaved trees, is still warmer and wetter than Canada and Alaska, and allows for taller and faster-growing trees. The southern spruce–fir understory is also much denser and contains plants such as the Catawba rhododendron, which is absent in ...
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