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The de-Stalinization process stalled during the Brezhnev period until the mid-1980s, and accelerated again with the policies of perestroika and glasnost under Mikhail Gorbachev. De-Stalinization has been considered a fragile process. Historian Polly Jones said that "re-Stalinization" was highly likely after a brief period of "thaw". [2]
Key events: East German uprising of 1953 Vietnam War Suez Crisis Space Race On the Cult of Personality and Its Consequences De-Stalinization Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Virgin Lands campaign Cuban Revolution 1959 Tibetan uprising Sino–Soviet split Novocherkassk massacre Cuban Missile Crisis 1963 Moscow protest: Chronology
The Khrushchev Thaw (Russian: хрущёвская о́ттепель, romanized: khrushchovskaya ottepel, IPA: [xrʊˈɕːɵfskəjə ˈotʲːɪpʲɪlʲ] or simply ottepel) [1] is the period from the mid-1950s to the mid-1960s when repression and censorship in the Soviet Union were relaxed due to Nikita Khrushchev's policies of de-Stalinization [2] and peaceful coexistence with other nations.
The Communist International, 1919–1943 (3 Vols. 1956); documents; online vol 1 1919–1922; vol 2 1923–1928 (PDF). Degras, Jane Tabrisky. ed. Soviet documents on foreign policy (1978). Goldwin, Robert A., Gerald Stourzh, Marvin Zetterbaum, eds. Readings in Russian Foreign Policy (1959) 800pp; [ ISBN missing ]
As the Cold War became an accepted element of the international system, the battlegrounds of the earlier period began to stabilize. A de facto buffer zone between the two camps was set up in Central Europe. In the south, Yugoslavia became heavily allied with the other European communist states. Meanwhile, Austria had become neutral.
An event of grave embarrassment to the Soviet Union came in October 1981 when one of its submarines ran aground near the Swedish naval base at Karlskrona. As this was a militarily sensitive location, Sweden took an aggressive stance on the incident, detaining the Whiskey-class sub for two weeks as they awaited an official explanation from Moscow.
Kim faulted the propaganda workers for supporting de-Stalinization in the Soviet Union. Besides, by criticizing these workers, Kim had a convenient pretext to attack his opponents elsewhere. [3] The speech was followed by the August Faction Incident of 1956 and a purge of opponents, [3] which Kim legitimized through the juche concept. [30]
In spite of the communist party's restriction of Georgian nationalism, Khrushchev's policy of de-Stalinization was, paradoxically, a blow to Georgian national pride. [6] The younger generation of Georgians was proud to consider him being a Georgian that ruled over great Russia, and, as believed widely, dominated the world. [6]