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The remaining 50% are due to non-biliary causes. This is because upper abdominal pain and gallstones are both common but are not always related. Non-biliary causes of PCS may be caused by a functional gastrointestinal disorder, such as functional dyspepsia. [6] Chronic diarrhea in postcholecystectomy syndrome is a type of bile acid diarrhea ...
Biliary colic, or pain caused by gallstones, occurs when a gallstone temporarily blocks the bile duct that drains the gallbladder. [11] Typically, pain from biliary colic is felt in the right upper part of the abdomen, is moderate to severe, and goes away on its own after a few hours when the stone dislodges. [12]
Though exceptionally rare, cases of Dieulafoy lesions occurring in the gallbladder can cause upper abdominal pain, which is usually right upper quadrant or upper middle . [7] Though gallbladder Dieulafoy lesions usually occur with anemia (83%), they generally do not cause overt bleeding (hematochezia, hematemesis, melena, etc.). [7]
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a technique that combines the use of endoscopy and fluoroscopy to diagnose and treat certain problems of the biliary or pancreatic ductal systems. It is primarily performed by highly skilled and specialty trained gastroenterologists.
It is also referred to as upper endoscopy or just endoscopy. The procedure is performed for further evaluation of symptoms including persistent heartburn, indigestion, vomiting blood, dark tarry stools, persistent nausea and vomiting, pain, difficulty swallowing, painful swallowing, and unexplained weight loss.
[2] [5] That is, the diagnosis of MALS is generally considered only after patients have undergone an extensive evaluation of their gastrointestinal tract including upper endoscopy, colonoscopy, and evaluation for gallbladder disease and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). [5]
Physical examination findings typically include jaundice and right upper quadrant tenderness. [1] Charcot's triad is a set of three common findings in cholangitis: abdominal pain, jaundice, and fever. [4] This was assumed in the past to be present in 50–70% of cases, although more recently the frequency has been reported as 15–20%. [1]
Symptoms include right upper abdominal pain, pain in the right shoulder, nausea, vomiting, and occasionally fever. [1] Often gallbladder attacks (biliary colic) precede acute cholecystitis. [1] The pain lasts longer in cholecystitis than in a typical gallbladder attack. [1] Without appropriate treatment, recurrent episodes of cholecystitis are ...