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HackerRank categorizes most of their programming challenges into a number of core computer science domains, [3] including database management, mathematics, and artificial intelligence. When a programmer submits a solution to a programming challenge, their submission is scored on the accuracy of their output.
Animated example of a breadth-first search. Black: explored, grey: queued to be explored later on BFS on Maze-solving algorithm Top part of Tic-tac-toe game tree. Breadth-first search (BFS) is an algorithm for searching a tree data structure for a node that satisfies a given property.
Here, the list [0..] represents , x^2>3 represents the predicate, and 2*x represents the output expression.. List comprehensions give results in a defined order (unlike the members of sets); and list comprehensions may generate the members of a list in order, rather than produce the entirety of the list thus allowing, for example, the previous Haskell definition of the members of an infinite list.
Numbered lists illustrate that what should look like one list may, for the software (and thus for users of screen readers for the visually impaired) actually result in multiple, nested lists. Unnumbered lists give a corresponding result, except that the problem of restarting with 1 is not applicable.
In computer programming, an S-expression (or symbolic expression, abbreviated as sexpr or sexp) is an expression in a like-named notation for nested list (tree-structured) data. S-expressions were invented for and popularized by the programming language Lisp , which uses them for source code as well as data.
The nested set model is a solution to that problem. An alternative solution is the expression of the hierarchy as a parent-child relation. Joe Celko called this the adjacency list model. If the hierarchy can have arbitrary depth, the adjacency list model does not allow the expression of operations such as comparing the contents of hierarchies ...
Folds can be regarded as consistently replacing the structural components of a data structure with functions and values. Lists, for example, are built up in many functional languages from two primitives: any list is either an empty list, commonly called nil ([]), or is constructed by prefixing an element in front of another list, creating what is called a cons node ( Cons(X1,Cons(X2,Cons ...
nested blocks of imperative source code such as nested if-clauses, while-clauses, repeat-until clauses etc. information hiding: nested function definitions with lexical scope; nested data structures such as records, objects, classes, etc. nested virtualization, also called recursive virtualization: running a virtual machine inside another ...