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Rhotacism (/ ˈ r oʊ t ə s ɪ z əm / ROH-tə-siz-əm) [1] or rhotacization is a sound change that converts one consonant (usually a voiced alveolar consonant: /z/, /d/, /l/, or /n/) to a rhotic consonant in a certain environment.
Rhotacism is a difficulty producing rhotic consonants sounds in the respective language's standard pronunciation. [2] [5] In Czech there is a specific type of rhotacism called rotacismus bohemicus which is an inability to pronounce the specific sound ř /r̝/. [6] Sigmatism is a difficulty of producing /s/, /z/ and similar sounds. [2]
The loss of postvocalic /r/ in the British prestige standard in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries influenced the American port cities with close connections to Britain, which caused upper-class pronunciation to become non-rhotic in many Eastern and Southern port cities such as New York City, Boston, Alexandria, Charleston, and Savannah. [9]
R-labialization, which should not be confused with the rounding of initial /r/ described above, is a process occurring in certain dialects of English, particularly some varieties of Cockney, in which the /r/ phoneme is realized as a labiodental approximant [ʋ], in contrast to an alveolar approximant [ɹ].
Like Marlene Dietrich for instance. Was she unable to pronounce the German R? Or the American R? Or did she possibly just have a German accent and no speech impediment at all? Maybe we should also add nearly all native English speakers? I have yet to hear an English speaker pronounce the R in the name of the French president correctly. And the ...
The most typical rhotic sounds found in the world's languages are the following: [1] Trill (popularly known as rolled r): The airstream is interrupted several times as one of the organs of speech (usually the tip of the tongue or the uvula) vibrates, closing and opening the air passage.
Linking R and intrusive R are sandhi phenomena [1] where a rhotic consonant is pronounced between two consecutive vowels with the purpose of avoiding a hiatus, that would otherwise occur in the expressions, such as tuner amp, although in isolation tuner is pronounced the same as tuna /ˈtjuːnə/ (or /ˈtuːnə/) in non-rhotic varieties of English.
Some speakers may pronounce consonant-final English words with a strong vocalic offset, [definition needed] especially in isolated words (e.g. "dog" can be [ˈdɔɡə]). Czech /r/ is alveolar trill. There is a tendency to pronounce the trill in English and in all positions where r is written.