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The Oncotype DX® breast cancer assay is one such test used to predict the likelihood of breast cancer recurrence. This test is intended for women with early-stage (Stage I or II), node-negative, estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) invasive breast cancer who will be treated with hormone therapy.
breast cancer [10] CA27.29: breast cancer [11] CA19-9: Mainly pancreatic cancer, but also colorectal cancer and other types of gastrointestinal cancer. [12] CA-125: Mainly ovarian cancer, [13] but may also be elevated in for example endometrial cancer, fallopian tube cancer, lung cancer, breast cancer and gastrointestinal cancer. [14] Calcitonin
In recent years, advances in molecular techniques, genomics, cancer biology and sequencing technology have provided opportunities to discover and validate new biomarkers for prognosis, particularly molecular prognostic markers.
A prognostic biomarker provides information about the patients overall outcome, regardless of any treatment or therapeutic intervention. [6] One example of a prognostic biomarkers in clinical research, is the use of mutated PIK3CA in the study of metastatic breast cancer.
Cancer biomarkers have an extremely high upside for therapeutic interventions in cancer patients. Most cancer biomarkers consist of proteins or altered segments of DNA, and are expressed in all cells, just at higher rates in cancer cells. There has not yet been one, universal tumor biomarker, but there is a biomarker for every type of cancer.
These organ groups include breast and gynecologic cancers, colorectal and other gastrointestinal cancers, Lung and upper aerodigestive cancers, prostate and other urologic cancers. The EDRN also has been a pioneer in the development of a national informatics infrastructure to support cancer biomarker research.
Tissue differentiation antigens are those that are specific to a certain type of tissue. Mutant protein antigens are likely to be much more specific to cancer cells because normal cells shouldn't contain these proteins. Normal cells will display the normal protein antigen on their MHC molecules, whereas cancer cells will display the mutant version.
This is a list of major breast cancer cell lines that are primarily used in breast cancer research. [Notes 1] List of cell lines. Cell line Primary tumor
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